Grapes - a plant thermophilic, feels good in the southern regions. Growing grapes in the middle lane is now quite possible. They tried to grow grapes in the more northern regions since the time of Peter. For the first time Michurin succeeded in obtaining varieties resistant to cold climates. He bred the first two early and winter-hardy varieties Amursky and Baytur. These varieties are still popular with gardeners. In the Moscow region, they hibernate even without shelter.
The cultivation of grapes. Step-by-step instruction
For successful grape growing, you must:
- Select the desired variety.
- Decide on a landing site.
- Prepare the soil for planting.
- To build support for seedlings.
- To plant seedlings.
- In hot summers watering is necessary.
- Grapes need pruning.
- Shelter for the winter.
The cultivation of grapes in the middle lane in recent years more and more interested in gardeners and gardeners. It is quite possible, you just need to choose a suitable variety of early ripening. Basically, grape care in the middle lane comes down to proper pruning, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, and removing it from trellis and preparing the vine for winter is a matter of technology.
Choosing a place for grapes
A good choice of place for grapes is already half the success. This plant grows well in places open to sunlight and well protected from the wind. In areas with a harsh climate, grapes are successfully grown at the fence or wall of a house facing southwest or south. Places with stagnation of cold air for this plant are not suitable.
The soil for this southern plant should be well drained, and the reaction should approach neutral (pH 6.5-7.0). The place of the future vineyard is selected, now we will begin to prepare the soil.
Soil preparation
Successful cultivation of grapes in the middle lane begins with soil preparation. These activities should be carried out 15-20 days before planting young seedlings. In order to reduce the acidity of the soil, lime is applied at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 sq. Km. m. landing area.
The soil at the site of the future vineyard must be dug deep. Poor soil is flavored with rotted manure or compost. To do this, make one bucket of organics per 1 square. m. and necessarily add one of the complex mineral fertilizers, for example, superphosphate.
Grape support
In place of the future vineyard, you need to build a support for the vines. In the landing row, after 2.5 meters, it is necessary to drive in wooden poles 3 meters long. They are driven into the ground to a depth of 60 cm. A metal wire is stretched between the posts. The first is located at a height of 40 cm, then the distance between the wire is 30 cm. A vine will be fixed on them in the future .
Planting seedlings
Some subtleties of growing grapes in the middle lane still exist. First you need to choose a suitable early ripe variety. If in the southern regions grapes can be planted from October to March, then for areas with a colder climate (middle band), the most suitable time for planting is early spring, before the leaves bloom (early May).
If planting is carried out along the fence or wall, then the distance from it to the seedling should be at least 40 cm, and in the row between the plants the gap must be maintained at 1.2 m. In the case of planting in the open, the distance in the row is 1.5 m, between the grape in rows - 2 m.
If plants are grafted, then the site of grafting during planting should be above ground level. After the grapes are planted, it must be tied to a prepared support, water and mulch the soil abundantly with humus or manure, so the moisture will remain in the soil longer.
Another method for planting grapes is planting grapes on beds, the height of which is about 25 cm. The edges of the beds are reinforced with plastic bottles, dug up with a neck in the ground. This method of planting allows heat to flow more to the roots and thereby accelerate the ripening period of the crop.
Pruning
The task of pruning grape bushes is to form a powerful fruit-bearing bush. Prune annual shoots. The thinner the vine, the less buds are left on it. So, for example, on a shoot with a diameter of 10 mm during autumn pruning, you can leave as much as 10-11 buds, and only 5 buds are left on a shoot with a diameter of 5 mm.
In spring, fruitful shoots of the current year will develop from them. To grow grapes in the middle lane was successful, it is better to trim it in two steps. The first pruning is carried out in the fall after fruiting, it consists in the removal of unripened vines and too thin and damaged shoots. The second stage of grape pruning is carried out in early spring, after the winter covering material is removed. Damaged and frozen shoots are also removed and a decision on the load is made, in accordance with this, pruning is carried out.
Shelter for the winter
In late autumn, before the first frost, the vine is removed from the trellis, pruned, leaves leftover removed, neatly tied and laid on the ground. The base of the bush must be high up. If there is a vaccination, then the hilling should be done in such a way that it is completely hidden by the ground.
Further, before the onset of stable frosts, the vine is covered. The easiest way is shelter with spruce branches. Varieties specially bred for the middle strip, sheltered in this way, winter well.
Another method widely practiced by gardeners is the use of a non-woven covering material, such as loam. Tied and laid on the ground bushes of grapes, they are covered with roofing material on top.
In spring, when the snow melts, these shelters are removed and produce sanitary pruning of vine bushes. Extra weak shoots, frostbitten and broken vine are cut.
Grape farming: grape growing in the middle lane
Grapes are now grown in almost any region. Once again, we will repeat everything about grapes in central Russia. Agricultural technology of growing grapes in this area comes down to the successful selection of a place for grapes, proper planting and care of the vine. The place should be chosen the sunniest in this area, in addition, cold northern winds should not penetrate there, for this they install a screen or plant grapes along the southern wall of the house or fence.
When planting young grapes, it should be borne in mind that the bush at this place will grow and bear fruit for many years, so planting should be treated responsibly. Good drainage and nutritious soil must be laid in the landing pit. Broken bricks are used as drainage. If the soil is heavy, add sand. Nutrient soil can consist of rotted manure or humus, to which 200-250 g of superphosphate are necessarily added, this fertilizer is necessary for the future harvest.
If everything is done correctly, young bushes of grapes begin to bear fruit in the 3rd year. Further care consists in the competent formation of a bush and pruning. In hot summer, grapes require watering about 5 times per season. Watering should be rare but plentiful.
In order to avoid freezing, even frost-resistant grape varieties in areas with cold winters must be covered.