While all the equipment in the house works without interruption, few people are interested in the principle of work. Understanding how the refrigerator works, you can avoid serious damage or understand the essence of the failure. In addition, such knowledge helps to properly operate the installation. How is a household refrigerator arranged and what is the principle of its operation? Consider in our article today.
Refrigerator compressor
Basically, all refrigerators have a compressor, it is responsible for cooling.
Masters say that in any device there are basic components:
- A motor is essentially a compressor. When this component is working, freon starts moving through special tubes. Because of it, a cooling effect occurs. This is a special liquid composition. You can hear that there is a leak of this substance, after which the device fails. It really is. It simply stops chilling.
- Capacitor - in the form of a tube located on the side or back. This is a necessary element for the heat from the condenser to prevent it from overheating. Through it, the heat goes into the environment. Therefore, the instructions often write that you can not allow the installation of refrigerators near heating appliances and batteries.
- Evaporator. It is necessary in order to transfer the main refrigerant to a gaseous state. The process requires a sufficient amount of heat, which is also taken from the tube.
- In order for the refrigerant to move at the desired pressure indicator, there is a valve. He is responsible for thermoregulation.
- Freon or isobutane. These are the main gases that are responsible for cooling the necessary sections of the refrigerator. He is constantly on the move throughout the system of technology.
Additional items
In addition, in the system of the device there are additional elements - filters, tubes, etc. This is the principle of operation of the refrigerator. There is no other way. It is important to understand that cold is not produced by itself. This happens because heat is given away. Under pressure, everything starts to move. Basically, all manufacturers use one system of operation of refrigerators.
How does a refrigerator work? To set the desired mode, there is a thermostat. But nothing stands still - today there are panels with electronic indicators. They just set the temperature. Freon enters the filter drier, where it gets rid of moisture. Further on his way there is again an evaporator. The motor drives freon until the set temperature is in the refrigerator. When this is achieved, an impulse passes and the motor stops. This is how the refrigerator works. It turns out that the device is not so complicated.
Fridge with one and two chambers
You can call them almost identical, but with a more serious approach, it is not difficult to find differences. Two-chamber refrigerators are considered by many to be an outdated option. And if in the process of defrosting you remove ice yourself, then you can break the entire device. And in the new design there are two evaporators. In this case, both cameras are completely separated from each other. Most often, manufacturers place a freezer on the bottom, and the main compartment at the top.
How does a refrigerator work? The principle of operation is almost the same. This unit has a zone with a zero temperature indicator. Freon in such a device can cool in the freezer zone and rises up. After the temperature reaches the desired level, the thermostat is triggered. The latter gives an impulse and the motor stops. Most buyers are attracted to a refrigerator with one engine, but some choose with two. The second option does not have certain difficulties in the work - say the reviews.
This is not the only option for how the refrigerator works. There are systems in which a switch is present. With the help of it, the supply of freon is switched off from one of the departments. How does a refrigerator work? The scheme of action is simple, but everything will depend on the created system. When special sensors are present, the work becomes more selective.
How long does the compressor run?
In the instructions it is difficult to find data that corresponds to reality. It’s enough for the user to have enough cold to freeze everything in the refrigerator. There is such an indicator as the coefficient of work. It is calculated for each device individually. Measurement takes place according to work and rest. When the result is less than 0.2 or more than 0.6, malfunctions occur. It’s worth checking out the fridge.
Working fluid
Working fluid (ammonia) is poured into absorption devices. It comes in contact with water, then a few transitions, and again the separation into water and refrigerant. Such a refrigerator is not found in ordinary houses. The reason is simple: ammonia is considered a poisonous component, and poisoning will occur when it leaks.
How does the No Frost refrigerator work?
No Frost is a device that is in high demand. The main advantage is that defrosting is only required to create cleanliness. During operation, the ice Kerzh does not grow in the chamber, since moisture is removed from it.
The presence of an evaporator in the freezer compartment helps the entire refrigerator remain frozen. This happens with a fan. To ensure that everything is evenly distributed, there is a special hole through which flows exit.
As soon as the work passes a certain time, the defrost mode is activated. The system starts the heating element - the evaporator. As a result, any ice and snow begins to melt. The resulting moisture evaporates and comes out. It is customary to call this method of thawing drip. This is how a modern refrigerator works. His devices, as you see, are slightly different. Many began to choose this option, because no additional work is required on it.
Super freeze
There is one more view - this is super freezing. Today, many manufacturers install it in their refrigerators. To start this process, you need to start the device using the button or a special controller (as in the photo below).
After starting, the motor begins to actively freeze until all products are completely frozen. In some situations, this is simply necessary. Most often, such a system is available in dual-chamber models. But there is one caveat: you have to disable this function after freezing.
Each refrigerator is always accompanied by instructions. So, the manufacturer recommends applying superfrost for no more than 72 hours. There are special timers that automatically turn it off.
Sometimes you need to understand for yourself what the cause of the breakdown is. This is not so difficult, if you understand the scheme of the device. So, electricity goes the following way:
- Passes through a thermal relay.
- Defrost button.
- Thermal relay.
- Start protection relay.
- Served on the working surface of the engine.
How does a refrigerator work? When the desired temperature is reached, the contacts open and the engine stops. Many manufacturers are trying to create such devices in which the entire area has a different temperature. This is for products that have their own storage conditions.
Conclusion
When a person has information about how a refrigerator works, it’s easier for him to manage. Sometimes, if there is a breakdown, it is necessary to stop the device as soon as possible, otherwise the problem will resume. Armed with useful data is useful to everyone. This becomes the basis for the right choice of refrigeration equipment.