Laureate of the State Prize - holder of the honorary award awarded by the President of the Russian Federation since 1992. She is awarded for outstanding achievements in technology, science, art, literature, as well as high production results.
Predecessor awards
The tradition to award prominent people the title of State Prize laureate appeared in the Soviet Union. This tradition was introduced in 1967, since then it has been dedicated to the anniversary of the October Revolution.
This award was the successor to the Stalin Prize. The USSR State Prize was the second most important, as well as the size of the monetary reward after the Lenin Prize. In 1967, several dozen awards were presented at once. In particular, mathematicians Anatoly Georgievich Vitushkin, poet Yaroslav Vasilievich Smolyakov, literary critic Irakli Luarsabovich Andronnikov, composers Andrei Pavlovich Petrov and Tikhon Nikolaevich Khrennikov became the laureates of the USSR State Prize.
It is noteworthy that in parallel there was also the State Prize of the RSFSR named after Stanislavsky. She was awarded exclusively for achievements in the field of theatrical art. This tradition lasted from 1966 to 1991. The very first laureates of the State Prize of the RSFSR were: actress Julia Konstantinovna Borisova, actor Nikolai Konstantinovich Simonov and director Pavel Aleksandrovich Markov. In 1991, the award went to the cult theater director Leonid Efimovich Heifits.
History
The laureates of the State Prize are awarded the appropriate honorary title depending on the area in which they received the award. They are also entitled to a monetary reward, a badge of honor, a diploma, a frack badge.
The award is presented by the President of the Russian Federation in a festive atmosphere on the Day of Russia, which is celebrated on June 12.
Initially, the prize was awarded to stimulate the achievements of scientific and technological progress. In the first year, 18 people received the title of State Prize laureate, and the next year another 20. For each of them 100 thousand rubles were paid. Funds were taken from the federal budget.
The selection and approval of candidates from the very beginning was carried out by the specially created Committee for State Prizes, which was headed by the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuri Sergeyevich Osipov. After considering the candidates' work, the committee members formulated a general decision, which was approved by decrees of the President of Russia.
Since 1996, in addition to the above prizes, they began to confer the title of laureate of the State Prize named after Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. She was received for achievements in the field of military science, the creation of military equipment and weapons, works of literature and art, which revealed the greatness of the people's heroism and outstanding domestic commanders. The award was confined to Victory Day, May 9th.
Laureate Attributes
In addition to the corresponding title, certain attributes are awarded to laureates of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. They exist today.
In particular, the chest badge of the RF State Prize laureate is awarded. This is a medal made on the model of the previously existing medal of the USSR State Prize laureate. The plaque of the badge of the laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation is painted in the colors of the Russian flag.
Privileges
Laureates are provided with appropriate benefits. In particular, they:
- completely exempt from the payment of housing and communal services;
- receive the right to free treatment with the provision of all necessary medicines;
- exempted from paying for housing in any form;
- can visit sanatoriums and dispensaries for free trips;
- if necessary, improve their living conditions;
- when building a house, they receive building materials free of charge;
- use public transport free of charge;
- in a residential building are entitled to the free installation of security systems.
It also relies on a pension supplement to laureates of the State Prize. It is paid in accordance with federal law No. 21, according to which, this category of citizens receives the right to monthly additional material support. It is assigned and paid by the body that pays and assigns the corresponding pension. Its size is 330% of the amount of social pension. By the way, if a citizen has the right to additional material support for several reasons, the DME is established only for one of them, which provides for the maximum size.
Given that the size of the social pension in 2018 is 5,240 rubles, we can calculate how the pension increases to the laureates of the State Prize. Thus, the size of the premium is equal to 17,292 rubles.
Currently, several hundred people have become laureates of the State Prize of the Russian Federation. Some public figures awarded this award will be described in detail in this article. These are the writers Daniil Aleksandrovich Granin and Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, the programmer Evgeny Valentinovich Kaspersky, the virtuoso pianist Denis Leonidovich Matsuev, the statesman and politician Evgeni Maksimovich Primakov, and the sculptor Dmitry Mikhailovich Shakhovskoy.
Daniil Granin
The writer Daniil Granin received the medal of the State Prize of the Russian Federation twice - in 2001 and 2016. This is a famous domestic prose writer, a participant in the Great Patriotic War, who was born in 1919 in the territory of the Kursk province.
Shortly before the start of World War II, he was accepted into the Communist Party. Already in July 1941, he joined the militia of the Leningrad Rifle Division.
In literature, he made his debut in 1937 in the magazine "Cutter" with the stories "Homeland" and "The Return of the Steering Wheel", which were dedicated to the Paris Commune. After the war, he worked for several years in Lenenergo, not doing literature.
In 1949, his story was published in Zvezda - Variant Two, which received many positive reviews from critics. Since 1950, Daniil Aleksandrovich began to engage exclusively in literature. At that time, his first book, Dispute Across the Ocean, was published, followed by Yaroslav Dombrovsky, collections of essays on the builders of the Kuybyshev hydroelectric station New Friends.
The popularity of Granin brought the novel "Searchers", which was released in 1955. Since then, its main theme has been inventors and scientists, in particular, their civic and moral position in Soviet society. In particular, his famous novel “Going to a Thunderstorm”, which was later filmed, is dedicated to this topic. Granin also wrote biographies of scientists: physicist Igor Kurchatov ("Target Selection"), biologist Alexander Lyubishchev ("This strange life"), genetics Nikolai Timofeev-Resovsky ("Bison").
Significant in his work was the 1979 Blockade Book. In it, based on documentary material, the writer talks about the heroic defense of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War. In recent years, when he became a laureate of the State Prize of Russia, he wrote memoirs entitled “The Fads of My Memory”, “Everything Was Not So,” as well as the novels “Conspiracy”, “My Lieutenant”. Granin died in 2017 at the age of 98.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn
In the XX century, Solzhenitsyn became one of the most persecuted writers in his homeland, and at the same time one of the most popular Russian writers in the world. In 1970, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
Born in Kislovodsk in 1918, he went against the system from childhood. At school, he was ridiculed for wearing a cross and refusing to join a pioneer organization. Only under the influence of the public in 1936 did the future writer become a member of the Komsomol. He became interested in literature even in high school, already then dreaming of becoming a writer.
However, he did not make literature his main specialty, having entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Rostov University in 1936. With the beginning of the war, he was not called up immediately, since initially it was considered to be of limited use. Only in March 1943, Alexander Solzhenitsyn was in the army, rose to the rank of captain. At the same time, despite the strict ban, he kept diaries and wrote many letters in which he spoke critically about Stalin. In February 1945 he was arrested, deprived of all military ranks, sentenced to eight years in forced labor camps, and after termination of his sentence to eternal exile.
Being rehabilitated, after exposing the cult of the personality of Stalin, he began to publish again. In 1959, his story Sch-854 was published about the fate of just a Russian peasant in a camp. Later, he became known as "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich."
His interest in the camp past caused discontent of the authorities. After publishing abroad, he became a dissident. In 1974, after the release of his most famous novel, The Gulag Archipelago, was arrested, deprived of Soviet citizenship and expelled from the country.
The writer returned to Russia in 1994, having flown to Magadan from the USA, where he lived for the past few years. He was among the writers-laureates of the State Prize. Received the award in 2007 for achievements in the field of humanitarian activities.
Solzhenitsyn died in 2008 in Moscow at the age of 89.
Dmitry Shakhovsky
The sculptor Shakhovsky was born in Sergiev Posad in 1928. Having moved to Moscow in his youth, he lived in the capital all his life. He was educated at an art and industrial school, then at the Institute of Decorative and Applied Arts, and finally at the Higher Industrial and Art School in Leningrad.
He was admitted to the Union of Artists of the USSR in 1955. The main thing in his work is decorative and monumental sculpture. Among his most famous works are metal doors with stained-glass windows in a puppet theater in Tashkent, a monument to Mandelstam in Moscow, a clock on the facade of the Obraztsov Puppet Theater, a wooden church of confessors and new martyrs in Butovo.
He received the honorary badge of the State Prize laureate in 1995. In 2016, he died at the age of 88.
Evgeny Primakov
This is a popular Soviet and Russian public and state politician. Evgeni Maksimovich was born in Kiev in 1929.
He began his career at the Institute of International Relations and the World Economy, worked in the Middle East. He took up politics only during perestroika, first becoming a deputy of the Supreme Council.
In 1996, Primakov was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, began to pursue a fundamentally new policy, known today as the "Primakov Doctrine." He headed from Atlanticism to a multi-vector foreign policy, advocating the continuation of relations with North America and Europe, but at the same time for independent relations with China, other countries in the Middle East and South Asia.
In 1998, Primakov headed the Russian government, leaving his post in May 1999. He was dismissed by Boris Yeltsin, having worked for eight months. After that, he became a deputy of the State Duma, led the faction "Fatherland - All Russia", which was very powerful in the late 90s.
However, he soon left political activity, concentrating on working as president of the Chamber of Commerce. He remained in this position until 2011.
Received the honorary badge of the State Prize Laureate in 2014. A year later, he died in Moscow at the age of 85.
Denis Matsuev
Among the laureates of the State Prize are many representatives of art. Among them, 43-year-old virtuoso pianist Denis Matsuev, who received this award in 2009.
He came to popularity in 1998 after a triumph at the international Tchaikovsky competition, when he was only 23 years old. By the beginning of the 21st century, it turned into one of the most popular pianists in the whole world, combining in its work the traditions of the domestic piano school with innovative ideas.
Since 1995 he has been a soloist of the Moscow Philharmonic. Since 2004, he began to present his own subscription called "Soloist Denis Matsuev." Leading orchestras of our country and from abroad regularly perform with him.
In addition to creativity, he is engaged in active social activities. Known for the desire to form young people's interest in music, promoting philharmonic art in the regions. For this, he pays a lot of attention to various charitable programs.
In recent years, he is the art director of the Sergei Rachmaninoff Foundation. He manages projects and holds festivals himself, one of the largest remains "Stars on Lake Baikal", which has been held annually since 2004. This is the Irkutsk music festival, which consists of 20 concerts, as well as a large number of creative meetings and master classes. Matsuev is his artistic director.
He is also the artistic director of the annual forum of young Russian musicians Crescendo, which is considered a festival of a new generation of the national performing school. It takes place in the Pskov region. The festival was conceived by the honored artist of the Russian Federation David Smelyansky, who attracted many celebrities to cooperation.
Since 2012, Matsuev has been working as the art director of the First International Competition and Festival of Young Pianists.
Known for his work in the All-Russian charity fund "New Names". The foundation has already brought up several generations of artists. Now he continues to actively support young talents.
Eugene Kaspersky
In 2008, the national programmer Yevgeny Kaspersky, who is considered one of the world's leading experts in cybersecurity, became the laureate of the State Prize in the field of science and technology. He owns the company Kaspersky Lab, which is engaged in IT security around the world.
Kaspersky himself was born in Novorossiysk in 1965. After a successful victory at the Mathematical Olympiad, he was enrolled in a specialized school. In 1987, he graduated from the technical department of the KGB Higher School, where he studied cryptography, mathematics, computer technology, having received the specialty of “Mathematical Engineer”.
He began his career at a research institute under the Soviet Ministry of Defense, where he became interested in computer viruses. It was in this institution in 1989 that he developed the first special utility that was designed to treat a computer from a virus.
The first full-fledged security IT product was released in 1992. Two years later, he received international recognition by starting to promote his technology abroad. In 1997, he decided on the need to create his own company.
In his company, he led cybersecurity from its inception until 2007, when he concentrated on managerial work in the chair of the CEO.
Today, he is considered one of the world's largest experts in the field of cybersecurity and protecting computers from viruses. In 2012, according to the authoritative American journal Foreign Policy, it became one of the hundred thinkers of the year.
In addition to the title of State Prize laureate, he has many other prestigious national and international awards. For example, in 2012, he became an honorary doctor of sciences at the University of Plymouth, was included in the list of 25 leading innovators of the year.
At various times, he received the Symbol of Science medal, the National Friendship Award of the People’s Republic of China, and the Businessman of the Year Award of the American Chamber of Commerce in Russia.