Roof construction is often carried out by property owners on their own. If we are talking about a gable structure, then it is distinguished by the convenience of operation and installation. Such a system can become a reliable coating for the building and supplement the living space with another room if the internal structure is correct, which is especially true for the optimal slope angle.
System selection
The construction of a gable roof can be carried out independently if you have the skills to work with wood and have concepts about engineering design schemes. You should take the help of several people who are willing to take part in the time-consuming process. To date, several varieties of gable roof structures are known. Before deciding and choosing the right one, you should think about what will be located under the roof - a living room or an attic. Gable roofs may have a pitched or suspended structure. Their difference is in the mounting and retaining elements.
Hanging rafter structure
Roof construction can be carried out on the basis of a hanging rafter structure. If the house does not have capital partitions, then the rafter system should be supported only on the side walls, using a hanging lightweight structure. It is applicable if the distance between the walls is equal to the limit of 6 to 14 m. Hanging rafters will give an impressive load on the capital side walls. To reduce it, diagonal and horizontal connecting elements should be used. They will fix the rafters among themselves and have the following names:
- puffs;
- crossbars;
- struts;
- grandmas.
Material selection
Elements that support the system can be fixed to the ridge beam or rafters at any point. For example, in the lower part of the rafters, you can arrange puffs that will act as floor beams. For puffs and rafters, thick blanks are selected, which is true for the case when there is a living room in the attic. The construction of the roof involves the installation of rafters, boards for them should have dimensions equal to 55 x 200 mm.
Methodology
Waterproofing should be laid on the opposite bearing walls, roofing material can act as it, it must be laid in several layers. Mauerlat is fixed on top, it is necessary to use anchors in the process. This part has the form of a powerful beam, on which the rafters will rest and be fixed. On it is a tightening bar, which will serve as a floor beam.
For Mauerlat, a square beam with a side of 120 or 150 mm is usually used. Butt to the Mauerlat in increments of 500 to 600 mm, beams are laid on the load-bearing wall, which will make up the attic floor. For safety and ease of use, beams should be laid on the beams. This will allow you to get a platform where you can connect the rafters.
The construction of houses, the roof of which is gable, provides for the connection of rafters in one of two ways. The first involves cutting corners and fastening with plates or wooden plates. The second technique involves the formation of grooves at the ends of the rafters. Mounting is carried out with bolts. Parts can be fastened with bolts for rigidity. In some cases, they refuse to form the grooves, then the rafters are fastened with bolts, this technology is called overlapping fastening.
Expert Advice
One of the important systems of the house is the roof. The construction of the roof involves the exposition of the first two rafters on the Mauerlat after they are fastened. The smoothness of all the other rafters depends on these works. In order for these elements to be set correctly, they should prepare grooves that will allow the rafters to stand on the Mauerlat as tightly as possible.
In order to provide additional rigidity to the rafters, in addition to the grooves, metal corners should be used, the elements with their help are attached to the Mauerlat with self-tapping screws. As soon as the first pair of rafters is installed, the same bunch is done on the second side of the building. A cord is drawn between these elements, which will act as a level. All truss pairs should be leveled along it. Between themselves, the rafters after installation should be fixed with a ridge beam, which is located below.
What is important to remember when working
The rafters are installed puffs. If the room is residential, then the beam should be oriented high so that it acts as the basis for the ceiling. The design and construction of roofs in recent years is increasingly carried out by the owner of real estate independently. If you plan to make the room an ordinary attic, then tighten the puffs below and use reinforcing elements like slopes or racks that will connect the floor beams and rafters.
All joints for rigidity should be fixed with screws or nails, and also reinforced with brackets, angles or metal plates. As soon as the rafter system is finished, the boards making up the floor should be screwed or nailed to the beams, after which you can proceed to the internal and external arrangement.
Soft roof device
The construction of a soft roof can be started in the next step. To do this, prepare the tools:
- knife;
- hammer;
- hacksaw;
- pencil;
- roulette wheel;
- Master OK.
Work does not require special skills. As a covering material, a soft tile can be used, which is laid with an angle of inclination in the range from 12 to 90 °. The material has a small weight, so it will not give a large load on the ceiling. At the first stage, a foundation should be prepared, for this usually are used:
- edged board;
- OSB
- sheets of plywood.
The main condition is the creation of a perfectly flat surface. It is important to ensure that there is a ventilation gap. Its size is 5 cm or more. It is necessary to position the hood on top, while the air inlet must be on the bottom. This gap is required in order to eliminate the occurrence of ice in the winter and reduce the temperature inside in the summer.
Now you can proceed to the installation of the lining material, it is rolled along the entire length. Every 20 cm, the edges should be strengthened, all joints should be sealed with glue. The technology at the next stage involves the installation of cornice strips, they will protect the crate system from rainfall. On the lining are installed cornice strips, which can be replaced by droppers. It is important at the same time to ensure an overlap of 2 cm. To protect the edges of the crate, front slats are required. Their installation can be dealt with at the next stage, providing the same overlap. Mounting is carried out at the ends of the roof using special nails.
Work Tips
An end carpet is spread on a lining; it should have a color corresponding to the covering material. This element is necessary to prevent moisture from entering the valleys. You can strengthen the edges with a pitch of 10 cm with roofing nails. Now you should start laying the tiles. It is mounted along the eaves overhang, and for this it is necessary to use a self-adhesive base.
The protective film should only be removed before mounting the webs. You need to start work from the central part of the eaves overhang, heading to the end of the roof. It is necessary to remove the lower edge of the tile from the lower edge of the cornice by 1 cm. The covering material is first glued, and then additionally nailed. The edges of the tiles on the ends should be trimmed and glued 10 cm. In order to open the strip of the rug carpet, in the valleys the material is trimmed 15 cm. To protect the lower layer of the roof, a piece of plywood should be placed.
Cost of work
If you do not plan to engage in the construction of the roof yourself, then you should be interested in the price of building a roof. Installation of the crate will cost 150 rubles. per square meter. A vapor barrier device costs 100 rubles. per square meter. If you need to insulate the roof, then you will have to pay 200 rubles. per square meter.
Building a roof of metal, professionals will ask for the installation of the material 500 rubles. per square meter. Roofing from flexible tiles will cost the consumer 300 rubles. per square meter. Using cement-sand tiles in the process, the team will request 600 rubles. per square meter.
The cost of building a roof may include additional installation work. For example, a filing of cornices will cost 670 rubles. per linear meter. If you need to install snow arresters, you will additionally pay 550 rubles. per linear meter. Skylights are installed at a price of 5,200 rubles. a piece.