If you notice a sudden drop in the water level in the well, then this may be the result of abnormal weather conditions. Under such conditions, the problem is relevant for all sources located in the district. Whereas if a water shortage was noted exclusively in one well and persists for a long time, then the change in hydrogeological conditions is the cause. This entails a rapid rise in the bottom surface and a decrease in water debit. In order to return the volume of reserves, it is necessary to deepen the mine. In this case, several additional rings are installed that have a less impressive diameter.
Safety precautions
It is preferable to carry out such work, using the help of professionals, but if you decide to do these manipulations yourself, then you need to follow safety precautions. This requirement is due to the fact that, being at an impressive depth, a person is very at risk. If you have a well on the site, you can make a deepening yourself, it involves observing the principles that are used in construction. If there is water in the well, then it is first necessary to pump it out, only after which it is possible to begin to take out the soil using buckets. The master, who is in the mine, must use insurance. If a deterioration in well-being is noted, a person should immediately be raised up.
Preparation of equipment for work
Deepening the well implies the need to prepare the pump, quite often there is a need for two pumps at once, which are used for pumping water. You will need a special shovel, which has a short shank. Prepare several buckets, each of which has a different volume. It is worth considering that it will be necessary to raise the soil, for this you must stock up on special devices. Prepare a winch that has the capacity to withstand loads of up to 600 kilograms. You will need a rope ladder and a chipper. Deepening a well is much easier if you have lighting equipment in your arsenal.
It is important to pay special attention to the preparation of the master, he must have waterproof overalls, a helmet, as well as rubber boots.
Determination of the diameter of the rings
The deepening of the well involves the selection of the diameter of the rings, which are made of concrete. They should be used for work. This indicator should be less than the diameter that previously mounted structures have. Rings of less than an impressive diameter, which is 80 cm, are used if the shaft is straight along the entire length. The height of the rings of this diameter can be equal to 90 cm. When using rings of the KS-8.9 or KS-8.10 grades, it will be possible to minimize the gap between the components of the shaft by making it equal to 3 cm. If the shaft is skewed in the area of the rings, then even less impressive products should be preferred diameter. This indicator should be equal to 70 cm. At the same time, the gap between the previously mounted and new rings increases. You can get rid of it with pebbles or natural stone.
Deepening Technology
The well is deepened according to a certain pattern. Work should begin with pumping water. If the flow of fluid is negligible, then this procedure is carried out using improvised means. Otherwise, the pump should be connected to the process. After the pumping of water is completed, you can begin to lift up the soil, sand, and also muddy bottom sediments. Digging from beneath the lowest ring can cause it to subside and break away from the shaft. In order to exclude this situation, the rings should be fastened with steel brackets or plates. Sometimes such manipulations are carried out at the stage of well construction. Particularly reliable fastening is necessary when the rings are mounted on a quicksand. Otherwise, the lower rings may be torn to the side, which will complicate or even make further work impossible.
Features of the work
If the well will be deepened with its own hands, then it is necessary to ensure that the shaft evenly drops down to the depth of the extracted soil. Additional rings should be installed on top. The disadvantage of this technology is that individual rings can be clamped by the soil so much that when pressure is applied to the shaft from above, using heavy equipment, they will not be able to move down.
The nuances of the work
When repairs and deepening of wells are carried out, large stones can meet on the path of subsidence of the base of the mine. They must be tried to extract as a whole. If it is impossible to carry out such manipulations, the stone must be crushed into separate parts using a jackhammer. The destruction of the stone can be achieved by repeated heating of its base and subsequent rapid cooling. For the latest manipulations, water should be used.
What does the master need to know before starting work?
The technology of deepening the well involves, as already mentioned, the use of rings of smaller diameter. If the basis used rings with a diameter of one meter, then the recess should be carried out using rings whose diameter is equal to 0.8 of the diameter of the well shaft. If the well was arranged using rings whose diameter is equivalent to 0.8, then rings should be used, the aforementioned indicator of which is 0.6 diameters. It is preferable to deepen the wells in the country house or in any other territory during the late autumn or winter. This is due to the fact that during this period the lowest water level in the soil is observed. It is contraindicated to begin such manipulations in the spring, since groundwater is at its maximum height. After lowering them, it may turn out that the educated depth is not enough to provide water for the house throughout the year.
Features of different ways
Before starting work, it is important to consider all ways to deepen a well. If the process will be carried out using rings of a smaller diameter, then mine technology should not be used. It involves digging soil from below and subsidence of the column. This can cause the mine to become stuck and displace it will be quite difficult. A gradual lowering is recommended when all connections are made inside the tunnel. For the reason that the described manipulations are considered a rather dangerous process, safety should be given great importance. Thus, it is important to ensure that the rings are well fixed using a steel joint. This will eliminate tearing seams.
What to look for?
The construction and deepening of wells should be done only after it is possible to analyze the acquired rings for the absence of irregularities. If any, then their purchase should be abandoned. This is due to the fact that errors can become an obstacle when lowering the rings to the bottom of the shaft. Do not forget that after pumping out the water you will need to clean the bottom. The master must get rid of the soil, which is saturated with water. If the well has a bottom filter, then it is necessary to dismantle it with the removal of mineral backfill and oak shield. If a swimmer is present, it is important to clean it well. In the process of finalizing the soil to the desired depth, it is necessary to ensure that the walls do not begin to crumble. As soon as this happens, work can be completed. The next step is to lower the ring. If the diameter was chosen correctly, then at this stage there will be no difficulties. The lower rings should be well fixed in the soil using reinforcement.
Conclusion
Deepening involves building the column with the rings to the desired depth. The formed seams should be filled with cement mortar. At the final stage, the final cleaning of the bottom. If necessary, install a bottom filter.
Before starting work, it is important to conduct geological surveys. You must determine the flow of water that comes daily. Experts will help establish the depth of the aquifer, as well as calculate the ability of the soil to retain walls. This is important in order to exclude the seating of rings. It is important to note that the well can be recessed with plastic pipes only once. If the work is done correctly, observing the technology, then it will be possible to extend the life of the well by 50 years. If you will dig a well, it is important to make sure that the water in the second aquifer is free from harmful impurities and that it can be used for drinking.
Two metal staples should be prepared for each seam, experts recommend the use of anchor bolts. The upper ring must be fixed with extreme care. The number of fasteners can be increased, this will only make the fixation more reliable. Most often recently used plastic pipes instead of concrete rings. It is important to purchase rings that pass freely to the bottom. This is important to consider before the start of work, because otherwise you will have to solve the problem of acquiring new rings that can be used in a particular case. That is why it is recommended to take the advice of professionals, but it is better to order work from a team of specialists.