What is the uniqueness of Lermontov’s work

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov is considered one of the founders of the golden age of Russian literature. Chekhov and Tolstoy studied according to his books, Bunin and Akhmatova were inspired by his poems. The mastery of the word captivates the reader even today, setting the highest standard for anyone who thinks he is a Russian writer.

Hero of his time

Lermontov is a poet of the era of the most powerful literary development and the most severe political reaction. His rich heritage and major literary works of life fit into one decade of the nineteenth century. Thirties is a time of anxious forebodings, joyless thoughts about the future, denials and regrets. At this time, there is still a reaction to the defeat of the Decembrist revolutionaries who spoke in 1825.

Society is rushing about in search of an answer to the question of what to do without fully accepting the harsh reality of the new military system. Nicholas the first introduces the third secret police department, every word is censored, the names of aristocrats are stigmatized. All these realities are totally denied by youth. Maximalism and denial are becoming part of a new philosophy, the path of which young Michael embarks on.

Duality of literature

The literature affirms the realism that feeds on the originality of Lermontov’s work. Russian realism was surprisingly complemented by its antonym - romanticism. And it was the young master of words that was able to uniquely combine these two directions, creating masterpieces in poetry, drama, prose.

The birth of a poetic character

Poetry in the works of Lermontov is divided by researchers into two stages: youthful and mature years. The artistic image of the lyrical hero has clearly expressed individual character traits of the inner romance, surrounded by the outside world.

While Mikhail was inspired by Byron, his characters turned out to be more idealized. Later, he finds his way in which there is a tragic love line and no friendship. Life is presented in the form of thoughts in solitude. This motive sets him apart from Pushkin.

At the very center of the conflict lies the black year of Russia, which runs counter to the romantic views of the hero. Thus, harsh reality begins to control the subtle inner lyrical world. In this confrontation, the tragic originality of M. Yu. Lermontov’s creativity is born. Moreover, over the years, this conflict is only growing. This should give the lyrics pessimism and skepticism, which is observed in the work of other classics, for example, Baratynsky. However, the “inner man” of Lermontov continues its movement and development, striving for high values. This is another distinguishing feature of the poet.

Loneliness in the works of Lermontov is a way to restore balance in your soul. The ideals of the lyrical hero seem unnatural to the author himself, he speaks of a “strange love” for his homeland, he says that he was not created for people. The lyricist does not just find a misunderstanding of people, it seems he is specifically looking for him.

The path of the poet, who lives outside social comforts, was described by Pushkin. But the theme of poetry in the works of Lermontov brings dialogue with the "inner man" into Russian lyrics. Belinsky introduced this concept as a synonym for a lyrical hero. His presence is an innovative feature of future symbolism, because the image of a poetic character is transformed into a symbol over time.

Inner Imaginism

It is with artistic metaphors that the nature of Lermontov’s poem begins. It is enough to recall the “Sail” of 1832. The author uses the same technique in the poems "Cliff", "Clouds of Heaven", "In the Wild North" and so on.

Lermontov’s life and work are permeated with the motives of conflicts of freedom and will, eternal memory and oblivion, deceit and love, cynicism and peace, earth and heaven. All topics are interconnected and intertwined with one another, which creates a multifaceted artistic style of the author.

Belinsky described the poet’s lyrics as pathetic because of the questions posed in it about personality rights, fate and morality. However, the critic notes that these topics are immortal and always in demand.

Language peculiarity

The originality of the Lermontov language can best be understood by analyzing its works. In the poem “Sail” is an expression of sadness, sadness, expectation of a storm in the meaning of struggle. However, it is not clear what exactly this struggle is going on for, it remains unclear what it should lead to.

The words "Alas! He does not seek happiness ”occupy the strongest final position of the verb of movement. “And he doesn’t flee from happiness,” is one of the semantic centers of the work. It turns out that the struggle and anxiety of the spirit are companions of the desire for an unattainable ideal, the rejection of what has been achieved.

“Sail” is a kind of drawing of the author’s art world, on the example of which one can see the originality of Lermontov’s work. Romantic contrast forever lost the harmonious integrity of the individual.

For example, a double denial in the lines “No, I do not love you so passionately”, which speaks of strained feelings and the search for an opportunity to relieve love stress. The originality of Lermontov’s work is a way to elevate a person above the contradictory nature of life, rather than plunge it into a conflict, as it might seem at first glance. Even the irreconcilable struggle of life and death in his creations elevates the spirit of man over circumstances.

The rebellious soul of the "inner man"

The poetic language of the lyrics expresses the rebellious inner world of the hero. “The death of the poet”, “Three palm trees”, “Cossack lullaby”, “Hero of our time” - this is a pathetic tension and restlessness. Moreover, in all lines, amazing clarity and clarity of expression. This, again, confirms the duality of the poet's values.

A huge number of conflicting meanings are combined in a concise three-part organization of three quatrains and in the poem “Sail”. Quatrains form a triad, the second stanza contrasts with the first, but the third regains its consonance.

A slender three-part form allows you to resolve the contradictions very harmoniously, at least externally. The internal antithesis is connected, and tension and isolation with a single external border.

Mathematical Accuracy of Poems

In Pechorin’s monologue from “Princess Mary”, a conflict of personality and society is revealed, as a result of which internal contradictions arise. Pechorin’s speech demonstrated numerous antitheses and a perfectly well-formed rhyme. Lermontov emphasizes the clarity of quatrain punctuation, where dashes and colon alternate.

This form focuses on the constraint of the character's internal boundaries, reveals unstoppable spiritual energy and powerful movement.

Thinking about the originality of Lermontov’s work allows us to draw another conclusion about the features of his lyrical language. The ingenuity of a painter in a word is mastery with which he can describe both the human inner world and natural life with various phenomena.

Moreover, the theme of loneliness lies at the heart of his entire poetic heritage. The word "one" is the most significant word in the language of the author. A huge energy is always concentrated inside the hero, accumulated as a result of the denial of ordinary life with its small passions, disunity of the people. Loneliness in Lermontov’s work is filled with an irresistible desire to achieve the ideal, the unity of life, world integrity and harmony.

Music words

The master’s syllable is very musical, and his prose has intonation sounds expressed in rhythmically organized speech. It was he who first developed a three-fold size, which before that could not have succeeded on such a grand scale to his predecessors, even to Pushkin.

Poetry in the works of Lermontov is full of various repetitions, rhythmic accents, internal rhythmic and syntactic interruptions and strict symmetries that clearly follow each other. Huge tensions result in merciless reflections and confessions when a new conclusion is contrasted with the original direct meaning. For example, a line about life, which when “cold examined” turns into an empty and stupid joke.

Today, loneliness in the works of Lermontov is studied in particularly detail. A composition of any kind by the author is subject to serious artistic consideration. The romantic line in the poet's work is expressed in complex combinations of various genres and styles of speech. About the characters in “The Hero of Our Time” Belinsky writes that the author managed to poetically express even the simple crude language of Maxim Maksimych picturesque events. This gave the look at the character’s life a comedic and touching.

Folk dialect as the highest rank of poetry

Lermontov’s life and work are closely connected with folklore. The collection of 1840 is turned to a national way of life. “A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young oprichnik and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” recreated the style of Russian folk poetry. In Borodino Field, the soldier’s romantic tirades later turned into folk speech in Borodino. Here, again, the unique originality of the author's rebellious disposition is imposed on the mouth of the characters. Lermontov here denies the present, expresses his strange love for the Fatherland. The folk dialect in the intonations of the poet is elevated to the highest rank of poetry.

The originality of Lermontov’s work made an indisputable contribution to the development of the artistic language. The critic V. Vinogradov explained this by the fact that the poet selected original stylistic means from Russian and Western European lyrics. At the junction of different cultures, new forms of literary expression were born, which continues Pushkin's traditions.

Learn the Lermontov language

Lermontov language has a strong influence on subsequent Russian writers. Nekrasov, Blok, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov drew inspiration from it. Anton Pavlovich once said that the language of Lermontov must be disassembled as if in schools in order to learn to write. From his point of view, there is no better language. The works left by Mikhail Yurievich are real mastery of the word.

Chosen or misunderstood?

The author’s works, whether it’s prose or a poem, fill the spiritual search for truth, a thirst for activity, idealization of images of love and beauty. The inner man strives to be truly born, to become a person, to establish himself as a person. To do this, he is ready to embrace the whole world, to enclose in his chest the whole Universe with its stars. He seeks to connect with nature and "ordinary people", but for himself he sees a different destiny, relating to the elect, thereby alienating himself from society even more.

Loneliness in the works of Lermontov

An essay in the spirit of the “world-driven wanderer” in the poet’s younger lyrics describes loneliness as a reward. In later years - it is rather a burden, boredom, which in the end give a note of tragedy. His works convey the feelings of a single person in the whole world.

So a hero appears, casting doubt on such marinas for the human soul as love, friendship, humility. Lermontov's hero is keenly experiencing his disorder. He misses the balls surrounded by a motley crowd; he feels insensible people around him "with the decency of tightened masks."

In order to remove this oppression of soullessness, the character is more and more transferred to children's experiences. Lermontov has a desire, like a child, to challenge the light, to tear off masks from the laity, to denounce the crowd.

Loneliness forms an inner void. Disappointment in society, in principle, the emotion of sadness and decadence is characteristic of the youth of the thirties. The political ban on the fulfillment of true desires to transform the social system is also transferred to private life. There is no hope of real happiness, love, friendship, self-realization. The famous “Sail”, which is always alone in the vast sea, is a vivid example of the feelings of the young generation of that time.

Human ties are fragile, and love is inseparable - “Cliff”, “Wild in the North ...”, “Leaf” say this.

After the Decembrist uprising, a powerful political reaction begins in the country. Reality seems to the generation of the thirties perverse, conflicting, hostile. This section between ideals and reality cannot be resolved peacefully, it is impossible to come to terms with this. Confrontation is possible only as a result of the death of one of the parties.

Such a social climate is detrimental to Lermontov the man, but revives the poet, promising him a tragic fate. The only thing a person continues to be interested in is personal rights. Therefore, in a more mature period, the motives of Lermontov’s work are increasingly aimed at criticizing the structure of society, exposing specific and acute problems. He wants to “defiantly drop the iron verse” and does it all the time.

Death of poet

Lermontov reproaches the generation for aimlessness, vnutrennoy emptiness, mourns the fate of Russia, at the same time fills his work with contempt and hatred for her. The work of M. Yu. Lermontov is a rebellion regarding the existing order of things.

In the poem on the death of Pushkin, the poet conveys a complex cocktail of conflicting feelings in the soul. There is sorrow, and admiration, and resentment. In the work, Pushkin confronts the crowd, the third character is a poet mourning a genius who stigmatizes the public. Lermontov accuses the world of killing Pushkin, it was society that directed the killer's hand. And again, Michael gives his hero, Pushkin, loneliness, opposition to the whole world.

"The death of a poet" is a tribute to poetic genius, and besides, it is a jumper, a junction in history, where the continuity of mastery and spirituality is formed. Lermontov’s work is a continuation of the history of a whole generation, adopted from Pushkin. This is the voice of young people reflecting on the future of the country, its difficult condition, its path and itself. Pushkin was the sun of our nation, but they could not or did not want to save him.

This is the image of a genius among pygmies who are unable to forgive, value and protest, defending their values. Lermontov's work was born at the junction of emotions and rational. A clear, intense thought beats in a tangle of feelings and contradictions. There is a separation of the meanings of the concepts of poet and man, but the poet and poetry are united. Lermontov’s work occupies a special place in Russian literature, presenting the deep and rich material of thoughts about the state, the world, time and personality in it.

The attitude of the maestro himself to poetry is expressed in the discord between the artist and the world. Refined art is closed in the Iron Age of progress.

Mission of the poet

For Lermontov, a poet is a prophet ridiculed by a crowd. He reflects on this in the works “Prophet” and “Poet”. This is a continuation of the theme of the meaning of poetry in a society where the lyrics are often used for amusement, instead of using your true divine gift to fulfill your destiny. A poet comes to this world with God's command that he carries to people.

The lyrics should tell a person the truth, expose, reveal beauty and love. According to Lermontov, the people of the prophet despise. He returns this feeling to the crowd with the help of his poems. Thus, the poetry turns in the poet’s work from passion to mission. Like any messiah, he is alone, rejected and misunderstood.

Roots of contradictions

The life and work of M. Lermontov are full of contradictions. He was born in a family where there are constant clashes of loved ones. The warring mother and father, grandmother. The death of a mother and a break with her father in early childhood is another option in a struggle where a quiet childhood has not been able to withstand difficult reality. Grandfather Misha, who shot himself at the New Year's ball, according to the stories of his grandmother, was also full of internal conflicts.

And now, at age 15, the immortal "Demon" and "Spaniards" are already born, and a year later the famous "Masquerade". It seems that such feelings as painful doubts, gloomy forebodings, the expectation of the fateful end, the thirst for oblivion, were characteristic of the poet's entire family.

Only rarely in the works of the singer of the soul are joy and hope. The writer described his life in two poems. This is “What's the use of living” and “Why I was not born.”

The feeling of personal elitism, selectivity makes the poet select masterpieces from the masterpieces for the public. He perfectly described Mikhail Yuryevich Bryusov, calling the poet an unsolved artist. Bryusov saw the artistic originality of Lermontov’s work in creating clear, as if “forged” verses.

Lermontov’s figure is a mystery to this day. The life and death of the lyrics is a mystery, but his contribution to Russian literature is invaluable.