From the right choice of coatings and materials for construction depends on the comfort and aesthetic properties of any room. Despite the wide selection of modern buildings, the most environmentally friendly and reliable is a wooden house.
Optimal area, high level of heat and noise insulation, durability - not all the advantages of green housing. But the installation of all structural elements has its own nuances.
Depending on the location, climate and type of construction, special conditions for floor insulation in a wooden house, its calculations and special care products are selected.
Types of floors of a wooden house
There are such types:
- Concrete. Among the advantages of this distinguish: quick installation, cost-effectiveness, ease of installation. The disadvantages are: difficulty in insulation and operation and high load on the foundation. Such a floor of the first floor in a wooden house can reduce the heat-shielding properties of the entire structure and, accordingly, lead to high costs for heating the room.
- Wooden. This type has several advantages: high environmental friendliness (throughout the entire period of operation, it does not emit harmful and dangerous substances), repairs are carried out with improvised tools and materials. Also, with the help of wood, you can build unique design projects. Negative characteristics are: high cost, difficulty in laying, the complexity of the installation process.
- Warm floor. This type is considered the most convenient. The combined floor, which consists of rough (mainly concrete) and fine (for example, wood or ceramic) coatings, is popular in modern buildings. Installation of underfloor heating is time-consuming, but it helps to save space and maintenance costs of the heating system.
Device
Having carefully studied the design, you can learn how to make the floor in a wooden house correctly.
There are several types: single and double layer. In the first case, lags are optional. The result of the work depends on the thickness of the material and the distance between the beams.
Several coating layers provide resistance to various mechanical, thermal and other damage. Also, lag can not be dispensed with if the beams are brought into the walls of the house.
The distance between the beams is determined depending on the thickness of the board. The step between the beams and additional supports (e.g. pillars) should be approximately 100 cm.
The better to lay the floor in a wooden house
The most popular finishing floor equipment materials are milled boards. At the ends of the latter there are special connections. Such boards are made in various sizes: the width is from 9 to 15 cm, and the thickness is from 3 to 4.5 cm.
Laying milled boards provides natural air circulation. This prevents mold and mildew and also significantly extends the life of the coating.
In addition to the above type in construction are used:
- boards with a lath in the tongue;
- coatings with spikes (segmented, straight, etc.);
- tongue and groove boards.
All of the above species differ only in the front side. In addition, they are processed only on one side. This greatly complicates the installation process. Incorrect installation may lead to slack in the boards in the future.
Properties of wood materials
Before you make a floor in a wooden house, you should familiarize yourself with the characteristics of some materials and their features:
- Oak. It is considered the most durable and durable material. It has a special structure. The color of the material depends on the area and age of the tree. Oak material is one of the most expensive.
- Ash. This material is used for the manufacture of flooring. The disadvantage is poor resistance to humidity changes.
- Maple. Such material is resistant to moisture, has an average density and is resistant to mechanical damage.
- Larch. Hard and dense wood is ideal for laying floors. It is worth noting that Siberian materials have increased moisture and frost resistance.
- Beech. If you need to create the appearance of an expensive interior, this material will be the most suitable. Due to the different colors, beech is often used instead of mahogany or walnut.
- Pine. The most budget option is not always reliable. Due to the excessive resin content, the quality of the coatings is significantly impaired.
- Spruce is also considered a cheap option. A negative point in the use of such a material is the difficulty in preparing and processing wood due to the large number of knots.
Installation of a floor in a wooden house
In rooms with a high degree of waterproofing, plywood sheets are most often used as a rough floor. It is practical and allows you to easily replace part of the coating if necessary.
Before starting installation, beacons are installed throughout the room. The distance between the bars depends on the thickness of the sheet.
How to make a floor in a wooden house depends on the initial coating. Concrete or lags can serve as rough.
For the second case, bars and logs are installed. The latter are carefully worked out with glue. After it has completely dried, you can begin fastening the sheets of plywood. The joints are carefully sanded.
On one standard sheet, 8-9 screws are required.
If plywood is mounted on a concrete floor, then the flooring is fixed to a layer of mastic or foamed polyethylene.
Important! In case the concrete surface is uneven, plywood is overlapped. During installation, care should be taken about the presence of waterproofing.
Rough floor
Such a floor is recommended to be laid as an additional insulation. Among its shortcomings, poor insulation of impact noises is distinguished (due to the strength of the mount). Also, the subfloor is not recommended to be laid in places with high humidity.
Laying the floor in a wooden house is done on the logs. The latter, in turn, must be made of coniferous or hardwood. For a more robust construction, logs are used.
Prepared materials (logs) are laid in grooves. Keep the distance from them to the wall - a gap of 2-3 mm in size. If it is not maintained, squeaks will appear during operation.
To avoid mold, mildew and insects, subfloor boards are treated with bitumen or special antiseptic substances.
The objects of fastening are poles (for example, brick) and grooves.
Logs under the floor in a wooden house are laid in pre-prepared grooves. The laying density depends on the leveling of the floor. To check the level is used.
Final stages of installation
The next step is to lay the draft material on the logs. After the tree is completely dry, it should be covered with a film or rubber. Such material is attached using a stapler. It acts as a waterproofing. Next, stuffing rails vertically or horizontally.
Important! Schematic presentation of the boards avoids the process of rotting wood.
Insulating materials are placed in the formed spaces. If expanded clay is used for these purposes, granules of different sizes should be selected. Also, styrene or mineral wool is suitable as a heater. The penultimate stage is the installation of a vapor barrier. At the last stage, the finishing floor is laid.
How to make a dry screed
Concrete floor can be used as a floor. To convert it, you can use the floor ventilation system or the subfloor flooring. Dry floor screed in a wooden house is carried out in several stages, and the main materials for its manufacture are:
- polyethylene film;
- plywood;
- glue;
- expanded clay;
- absorbing tape;
- measuring and power tools (marker, tape measure, screwdriver, etc.).
Stages of work
- A film is laid on an existing floor (for waterproofing). In this case, the margin on the wall is at least 10 cm. The overlay between the material joints is 20 cm. All seams are carefully worked out with adhesive tape.
- An insulating tape is laid out around the entire perimeter of the room.
- During installation, it is recommended to use beacons.
- Then the floor is covered with expanded clay and leveled. This process is also carried out in several stages - at first one small section is processed, on which a sheet of plywood is laid, then the second and each subsequent one. The expanded clay layer should be approximately 2 cm.
Wood laying and processing
From the features of the layout depends on how to make the floor in a wooden house. Most often in such constructions, parquet or flooring from boards is used. There are laying on logs and beams.
A waterproofing layer (for example, penofol) is laid under the base. For rooms with high humidity and temperature difference, sawdust, polystyrene, isolon, mineral wool, etc. are used.
The basis for the floor can be:
The first type is suitable for rooms with high walls. Logs are installed both on the foundation and on the walls of the log house. In order for the materials to take the correct shape, they should be kept for several days at room temperature.
Laying starts with mounting two lags on opposite walls. After a certain distance between them, kapron threads - reference points - are stretched. Next, the remaining components are stacked, which are subsequently insulated.
The distance between the lags depends on the thickness of the boards. For example, if the thickness is 30-40 cm, the distance will be 80 cm.
How to attach plywood
Fastening the lag to the wedges is carried out using self-tapping screws, and to concrete - using dowels or anchors.
After the installation is completed, the boards are fastened. In this case, a distance of 15 mm from the wall should be maintained. The gaps are covered with a plinth.
Processing and insulation of the floor in a wooden house is carried out depending on the type of materials and the wishes of the customer.
It should be noted that various coatings increase the service life and reliability of the coating.
Warm floor. How to make it?
If you plan to lay a warm water floor in a private wooden house, you should consider a number of features. First of all, the water floor will exclude the possibility of ignition from a short circuit of the wiring, and secondly, it will significantly increase the space of the room due to the lack of batteries, pipes, etc.
The simplest is the following installation procedure:
- First of all, the calculations of heat loss and hydraulics are carried out. Special programs will help to calculate the required length of pipes, their diameter and pitch.
- Next, the existing floor is dismantled (in old houses). It should also be aligned.
- A layer of vapor barrier is laid out on the surface of the insulation (the film is not used in this case).
- The floorboard is laid out on the insulation layer already prepared: serpentine grooves are drilled around the entire perimeter for further pipe laying.
- To increase thermal conductivity, a heat-reflecting layer is laid (for example, from foil materials).
- The heat reflector is mounted in the prepared grooves. Then begins the laying of pipes. All pipes are covered with foil, and the joints are fixed with a stapler.
- In order to avoid displacement of pipes, metal plates are fixed on top of them.
- At the end of the main work, the wires are connected to the system and crimped.
- The final stage is the laying of the final coating. The simplest of them is a laminate. The most profitable solution is ceramic tile.
Important! The simplest way is to manually control the heat transfer. In addition, collector systems, mixing units, etc. can be used. Crimping is carried out to detect leaks in the system.
Floor repair
Even the right floor in a wooden house loses its properties over time and needs to be repaired. This occurs under the influence of temperatures and various mechanical stresses, as well as from improper care.
The type of repair, as well as its duration, depends on the nature of the breakdown. For example, when a creak appears, drill holes (12-16 mm in diameter) and fill them with cement mortar. The ratio of cement to water is 1: 1.
After the solution has solidified, a wooden cork is clogged in the hole formed. Its remainder is sawn off, and the new surface is carefully processed and covered with a protective layer of varnish or wax.
If more serious damage occurs, a complete or partial replacement of the flooring is required. For example, if the board bends, it's time to replace the lags. Please note that a certain area is subject to replacement. You can also install additional supports.