No construction is complete without the use of special equipment. This includes a crane-drilling machine. A distinctive feature of this technique is its versatility. Scope - and drilling, and high-altitude, and crane. Therefore, the efficiency of this machine is undeniable. There are two main types of such devices. It is rotary and non-rotary. Both options should be considered in detail.
Fixed drilling machine
This device has the following equipment:
- Transport base. It can be a truck or a tractor.
- Platform. Specialized frame for placing equipment fixed on a transport base.
- Drilling rig. It is equipped with a hydraulic mechanism for the drill.
- Crane device. There are options where a drill and a crane are combined on one mast.
- Outriggers equipped with hydraulic jacks.
- Support post.
- Electrical equipment.
- Mechanical transmission
- Hydraulic system.
A more complex mechanism is the second version of the device. It should be considered for comparison.
Slewing crane
This device has a large number of mechanisms:
- Transport base. Usually a truck is used.
- The turntable is fixed to the chassis of the transport base and has a roller-swivel mechanism.
- Pumping station.
- Mast support post.
- Remote hydraulic bearings.
It should be noted that such a drilling machine has two bases: a transport and a rotary platform.
The second base includes the following type of components:
- Crane-boring mechanism.
- Hoist for hoisting operations.
- Hydraulic device for raising and lowering the mast.
- Mechanics for turning the platform.
- Cabin in which the driver of the drilling machine will manage the work.
- The pointer to the center of the well.
Rotary special equipment differs from the first option in increased productivity. This is achieved due to the fact that several wells are drilled from one position. There is also the possibility of quick guidance of the drill.
Equipment classifications
As we already established earlier, self-propelled boring machines can be rotary and not rotary. In addition, there are a number of classifications:
- By the type of transport base: machine and tractor. The former are characterized by a high speed of movement of the installation, for the latter - cross-country.
- According to the principle of operation: cyclic and continuous drilling.
- By the type of drive of the crane mechanism: mechanical, hydraulic, mixed.
- By the type of execution of the mechanism for drilling and crane work: combined (on one mast), separate (separately mast and boom).
- Location method: for non-rotary - lateral and rear, for rotary - on a rotary platform.
There are a significant number of types of classifications.
Consider the basic technical requirements for such devices.
Main characteristics
The drilling machine has a number of basic technical characteristics. On the basis of them is the selection of equipment for a particular activity:
- Drilling depth. For fixed machines, this value is from two to three meters. For rotary - from 10 m to 15 m.
- Drilling angle. As a rule, it is in the range from 62 0 to 105 0 .
- The diameter of the wells. For non-rotatable, the standard value ranges from 360 mm to 600 mm. For rotary ones - up to 630 mm.
- Carrying capacity - in the range from 1.25 to 3 tons.
- The maximum length of the lifting load is up to 12 meters.
Depending on the specification, the most suitable drilling machine is selected.
An important choice is the transport base. In conditions with embossed soil, a tractor-based option is often chosen. For urban conditions - based on a car.
The principle of operation of the crane
As a rule, this installation consists of the following parts: a mast, a rotary mechanism, a rod for an interchangeable drilling tool, hydraulics for feeding and removing a drill, hydraulic cylinders for raising to a vertical position and lowering to a horizontal one.
During transportation, the crane-crane mechanism is in a horizontal position with emphasis on a special support stand mounted on the chassis of the vehicle. During operation, the mechanism remains stable due to remote hydraulic bearings.
The rotation of the drill occurs due to conversion through the supply of translational-rotational energy from the engine of the transport base to the rotational mechanism of the drill.
The drilling process takes place simultaneously with the rotational and lowering movement of the drill. As a rule, the process consists of several identical production cycles of lowering and lifting the mechanism.
This is due to the need to unload the soil.
The crane mechanism is driven by a winch. For high-altitude work, another cradle is provided for lifting personnel.
Types of drills and working methods
There are several types of replacement parts:
- Lobed. They are devices with two double-entry blades equipped with interchangeable cutters. Also included in the kit are a bump and flaps. Zaburnnik sets the direction of drilling and holds it relative to the axis of the process. The function of the shutters is to prevent the soil from waking up when excavating the drill from the well.
- Auger. A spiral ground feed belt is fixed to the core. At the end of it is attached a drill head with cutters and bumps. When drilling wells, the soil is fed in a spiral.
- Ring. In this device, the housing is made in the form of a pipe, along the length of which there are screw blades. Cams with incisors and deflecting bars are fixed on the lower part. The drilling process occurs due to the destruction of the soil and the formation of a radius gap. Further, the soil through the deviating slats is discarded to the outer slit of the wall and fed upward by the blades.
Drill bits are selected and installed depending on the soil and the required technology of work.
The main advantages of the device
Crane Drilling Machine (BKM) has become widespread due to its undeniable advantages:
- Mobility. She quickly moves around the construction site. If a rotary model is purchased, it is also an opportunity to drill several wells from one stopping place due to a rotary platform.
- Three types of equipment on one platform. A drill, a crane for lifting cargo and, provided it is equipped with a cradle, the ability to perform high-altitude work. Reduced time for installation and installation of a single piece of equipment.
- Profitability - by reducing the cost of purchasing three separate units of special equipment. To this is added cost savings by minimizing the number of staff. The driver controls the machine and works. Yes, such personnel should be trained and have appropriate approvals.
As you can see, for many areas of application, these advantages will be decisive in the acquisition of these types of special equipment. Moreover, the equipment can be installed both on domestic trucks and on imported ones.
Fields of application
Most often, this special equipment is used in the construction industry.
With its help, you can build bridges, fences, wells. Often used for foundation construction.
In addition to civil engineering, a mobile crane is very popular in the construction of individual housing. Why? Again, thanks to the versatility of the equipment, and accordingly, the savings. Renting such special equipment will be cheaper than hiring two or three types of vehicles separately.
Also, this type of special equipment is popular in arranging transmission and power lines. Due to its versatility and mobility, such equipment increases the speed of installation of pole supports several times.
Another area is the arrangement and landscaping of the city. This painting work at height, planting shrubs and trees, as well as their cutting. For landscaping, these types of devices are also used in forestry. Only there are used models with a transport base in the form of a tractor. It is less mobile, but cross-country.
Reviews
The drilling machine for wells, according to reviews, occupies a leading position in comparison with similar types of equipment. As many consumers say, the use of such special equipment increases the speed of construction of the pile-drilling foundation several times. Also, this technology option has proven itself in the arrangement of fences, where wells and installation of poles are indispensable.
A number of reviews indicate significant cost savings due to the fact that it is possible to perform two types of work: drilling and installation of poles.
Professional organizations also note the convenience, efficiency and relevance of this type of equipment.
So, we found out what a drilling machine (BKM) is. As can be seen from the description and the reviews, such elements will always be in demand. Those organizations that know how to count their funds, of course, will give preference to just this kind of special equipment.