Did you run for election? And which ones? President, municipal? Then with the concept of "cumulative voting", most likely, you did not come across. The fact is that this concept is special. This type of voting is used in special cases. Let us consider them at least with the aim of increasing the educational level.
Definition
Cumulative voting is a type of gathering of opinions when you need to choose not just one person, but a whole group. Usually in this way they form a council or other representative body of various societies. What is meant?
Imagine
to yourself that a certain group of citizens faces a task: to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the group that will represent their interests. What to do here? If everyone speaks out for a certain person from the “committee”, then the result may not suit many. The fact is that in a personal vote, the result is influenced by the personality profile. That is, a respected, respectable, well-promoted person, of course, will receive more trust than not known to anyone. What's bad about it? And whose interests will he represent?
The meeting we are considering wants to have “our” representatives in the committee — those who will lobby for its interests. Moreover, the purpose of each person or group is precisely in this. Nominate your lobby in the “committee”. This is where cumulative voting was invented. It allows you to give a certain person (group) as many votes as there are positions.
Example
Imagine that our group of people is not homogeneous. It consists of those who can influence the process to one degree or another. One has 10 percent, the other 15, and so on.
Cumulative voting allows each member of the community to be allocated with the number of votes corresponding to his “representative weight”. That is, one will have ten, the other - fifteen votes, and so on. How will they take advantage of this? It is clear that everyone is in his own interests. But that is not all. Everyone will speak out about the candidates. Then the counting process will go. Since the number of votes of each is also multiplied by the number of seats, a complex scheme is obtained. The winner is the one who has the greatest "weight" in the community in question.
Why is everything so complicated?
Analyzing what cumulative voting is, you need to understand: the process is built in such a way as to balance the chances of the influence of all players. It is applied only when a group organ is elected. Thus, it turns out that the voter himself can choose how to dispose of his "influence". He can vote for one candidate or split between all (certain). It turns out that cumulative voting is a process of multifaceted influence on the process. Any player chooses how to use their influence: to strengthen one of them or spray on several people. It is believed that this method more fairly takes into account the interests of all voting participants.
Where specifically used
Such an intricate method was invented for special cases. Namely: it is used in the election of the Board of Directors of OJSC. This is enshrined in law. There is a document regulating how the process itself is conducted, by what principle the calculation is carried out, and so on, up to the form of the newsletter. This is done in order to equalize the rights of shareholders, to make voting more open and fair. Each newsletter is a document that contains the details of the organization and is signed by the head. In addition, it provides the opportunity to make your choice in two ways: separate or general voting. It must be said that the voter has the right to refuse all applicants. Usually the procedure itself is prescribed in the company's charter documents. Each shareholder is aware of their rights and opportunities. This does not exclude informing the participants before the procedure.
Count
The voting procedure is secret. Shareholders fill out their ballots and put them in a special ballot box. Then a vote count is made. It should be borne in mind that if a shareholder votes “against”, this means that he did not support anyone.
There are no options. You can’t say no to only one candidate. In case of a positive vote, the number of positions collected by each candidate is entered in the statement. The one who collected more wins. So it turns out that the meaning of the word “cumulative” (voting) is a collective opinion, that is, a multidirectional voice with “wide” possibilities. Much attention is paid to the verification of shareholders when processing ballots. A person can simply get confused and mark more positions than he has the right. Such ballots, where the shareholder “overestimated” its strengths, are considered invalid. They are not taken into account in the calculation. According to experts, this method of distribution of opinions allows protecting those shareholders who have few assets from the pressure of the richer. Moreover, the board of directors can be dismissed only in its entirety. This does not allow “knocking out” “strangers” to make way for “friends”.