Compared to the ArmA II mod of the same name, in DayZ Standalone the weapon has changed a lot, it has become much smaller. If before it was possible, after 20 minutes from the start of the game, to find decent NATO-style equipment, now even in order to assemble the well-known "mosin" and everything you need for it, it will take at least one hour. And in order to shoot from it at long distances, you will also need a sight - and after all, not everyone will do.
Fundamentals and Mechanics
In DayZ Standalone, weapons are divided into three main categories - cold, firearms, and missiles. From the latter, two more can be distinguished - grenades and bows.
First, talk about the mechanics of firearms. If you are lucky, and during the search you find the Sporter rifle, you still have to find ammunition for it. And, unlike the mod, in Standalone they are not packed in shops, generously scattered throughout all the buildings. During wanderings you will only occasionally come across boxes with cartridges of various calibers. But to find stores for weapons and fill it with the necessary cartridges - this is a new task for your hero.
If you still could not find a store or clip, you should not despair - you can make one shot by dragging the unpacked cartridges into the inventory onto the weapon. After firing, the mechanism will need to be recharged manually by repeating the operation. Maybe this is not too convenient for firing from M4 at crowds of zombies, but you will have a chance to fight off a bandit.
City locations
And now a little about the whereabouts of this type of loot in DayZ Standalone. Where weapons, especially military ones, there are bandits. Therefore, you should not immediately run to the barracks and to the bases. It is better to first find something simple and reliable from the "civil". For example, Sporter 22, the Blaser double-barreled shotgun, the famous “IL” or its “sawn-off shotgun” - or, if none of this could be found, get hold of a gun: in civilian buildings and at fire stations you can find the FNX45, the legendary Colt M1911, CR75, PM IJ -70-17A and occasionally Longhorn. With ammunition for such weapons is also easier - in offices, houses, shops and fire stations you will surely find a pack of ammunition of the desired caliber. And if you have the courage to look into the favorite place of bandits - the police station, then there you can arm a small team of survivors.

After you have the necessary loot in your inventory for traveling to DayZ Standalone - weapons and ammunition for it (20-30 pieces), food and drink, basic medicines, bags and clothes, you can leave the city and go deep into Chernorussia to study the military bases and campgrounds.
Airdromes
NEAF - Northeast Airfield Krasnostava. Not the safest point, but also not very popular - there are few weapons, players here mostly loot modules, clothes and tools. Sometimes ammunition and good weapons are found, but still not as often as we would like.
Nwaf - Northwest airfield. This is the main and favorite place of players (and bandits). Here you are unlikely to be alone, since there is a lot of infrastructure in this place (as well as military loot in it). In addition to the standard mod airfield with a couple of administrative buildings, hangars, barracks, a control room and a fire station, there is a tent camp in the north - a real paradise for the player in DayZ Standalone. Weapons are really everywhere, as well as dozens of tents guarded by crowds of zombies. The game is really worth the candle, especially for a small clan. Here you can calmly equip 5-6 people in one “call”.

BAF is an airfield in the village of Balota, better known among Russian-speaking players as the South. Usually he is closest to the survivor who has just started the game - only two hundred and three hundred meters from the coastal village. Here, too, there are bandits who, for the sake of fun, prey on newcomers, because there is not so much loot for them - from the buildings there are only a couple of barracks, hangars, a control tower, an administrative building and several police stations.
Military facilities
In the northwest of the DayZ Standalone map, weapons can be found at the Veresnik military base, between Kabanino and Pustoshka, not far from Dam. Three barracks and one guardhouse are filled with military loot - if not three, then two players can be armed here exactly. And the zombies here are quite a bit - usually no more than six. It is quite difficult for bandits to view this place because of the surrounding landscape, so beginners usually get there quietly.
In the south, near the village of Pavlovo, there is a military base of the same name on which the TEC building, four barracks, a hospital and technical premises are located. Here you can easily get hold of not only weapons, but also medicines.
Nearby, to the west of Myshkino there is a military camp, very similar to the one at NWAF. There are fewer people here, since this location appeared only in DayZ Standalone. Almost every player who is just starting to play the Standalone version knows where to find weapons in the DayZ mod for ArmA 2, and out of habit runs to loot at the airfield without even realizing this campground.
The guardhouse on the Tower is a small complex in the northwest of the map, surrounded by a fence. Usually, experienced players begin to loot NWAF from there, thus gaining an advantage in height. It is located, as you might guess, on Mount Tower, which stands next to the airfield in the northwest. Luta is not so much there - just one building for the guard. But in the courtyard you can fill the flasks with water from the column, which again experienced players like to use.
Helicrash - for the especially lucky
If during travel you see black smoke far away on the horizon that falls from a skeleton of some equipment, do not rush to lay a “hook” - it’s very likely that you were very lucky and you came across a helicopter crash site, usually referred to as “helikras” players.
They appear on the map in random order, being the main source of weapons and ammunition of the NATO standard. Steyr AUG is very common here, familiar to players even with Counter-Strike, in addition, you can find no less legendary M4 and, of course, modules and cartridges for them. Sometimes a completely “empty” player leaves this place completely ready for battle.