The foundation device is an important stage of construction, since the entire building depends on the quality of the foundation. For the construction of suburban dwellings, a strip foundation is sometimes arranged. The base of this type is precast and monolithic. This material will describe the technology of arranging floors on the ground with a strip foundation using wooden logs and concrete screed.
Varieties
Low cost and quick construction of the facility are the main advantages of flooring on the ground. In addition, all stages of the work are done by hand, so that the help of specialists is not required. To create a ground floor with a strip foundation is possible in two ways, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Types of arrangement of flooring on the soil are as follows:
- Application of a log from a tree. In this case, it will be necessary to raise the floor structure above the ground in order to ensure the ventilation of the wooden flooring.
- Concreting is a method of arranging a coating in which floors in a building will be reliable and durable. With this method, the soil will act as a formwork for the subsequent reinforcement of the concrete slab.
The installation technique of the floor covering will differ significantly, therefore it is necessary to consider in detail the installation of floors on the ground with a strip foundation in each individual case.
Advantages and disadvantages
The floor screed has the following advantages:
- to build such a flooring is allowed on many varieties of soil;
- low consumption of the finished mixture;
- simple and understandable technique for performing work;
- the finished base has a high frost resistance;
- it is possible to lay, for example, linoleum, parquet, laminate or tile on the coating;
- fast construction time.
The construction of an object on a strip foundation with a ground floor has its drawbacks: during the construction of a high basement, it will be necessary to fill the sinuses of the base with a large amount of land, which entails monetary costs. In addition, the floor will completely dry out and become stronger 28 days after being poured.
Technology for the construction of wooden flooring
To make floors on the ground using beams, you must follow this instruction.
- Cover the ground with a 5-centimeter layer of crushed stone, and then tamp and cover with bitumen.
- Install beacons, which will be needed in the future for the installation of brick supports.
- The next stage is the screed device, which will be the basis for the construction of the so-called nightstands.
- On the perimeter of the floor, install brick cabinets, the height of each of which should be no more than 20 cm, at a distance of 80 cm from each other.
- Wrap ends of supports with waterproofing material (for example, roofing material).
- Wooden beams are installed on the brick “bedside tables”, while the distance between the walls and the logs should be 2 cm.
- Grooved boards are nailed to the beams, which should be laid close to each other.
- Check the surface of the structure for defects and bumps using the building level.
- Putty hats of nails.
- To make a warm floor on the strip foundation on the ground, it is necessary to make a layer of foam or mineral wool.
- The final stage is surface treatment with a paint and varnish composition.
If you follow the instructions correctly, you will end up with a strong and durable wooden flooring.
Concrete coating features
The floor on the ground is a simple design, the feature of which is that there will be no free space between the ground and the flooring, that is, in this case there is no air gap. As a rule, such a flooring is produced with a tape base, however, similar floors can be built on the ground and in the pile-grill foundation.
The concrete coating structure will be made of the following layers:
- sole;
- bedding;
- hydro, steam and heat insulation;
- bearing layer;
- screed;
- fine coating.
Each layer performs certain functions, so it is important to equip a concrete floor in this order.
Selection of materials: expert advice
If it is necessary to build a house on a strip foundation, and the floor - on the ground, then the timing of the construction of the object will depend on the size of the structure. Building materials should be purchased taking into account this factor. It is recommended to perform screed in such a way as to reduce cash costs, namely:
- Make a sand cushion, and then ram it with a vibrating plate.
- Form a reinforcing frame that must withstand the load of the laminate, boards, linoleum or plywood.
- Lay a layer of foil insulation that reduces the number of heating points.
- If basement walls are not provided for in the buildings being built, floors on the ground with tape-type foundations must be laid only on waterproofing material (for example, roofing material).
- Make a base of cement, sand and gravel, the thickness of which should be 4-7 cm.
- The final stage is the implementation of floor screed from cement-sand mortar.
As a rule, for these works it will be necessary to make a 15-cm layer of sand (the indicator depends on the depth of freezing of the soil). To perform the flooring correctly, you must clearly follow the instructions, consisting of several simple technological work. Compliance with the algorithm is the key to the end result in a strong and durable construction.
Initial stage: backfilling of the sand layer
Before starting this process, it is necessary to ram the bulk raw materials, so that the sand cushion will acquire the desired density. Work should be carried out in stages in this order.
- Cover the ground with sand. The thickness of this layer should be 10-15 cm, after which you need to ram it with a vibrating plate.
- Pour compacted sand with water. In this case, it is recommended to use a hose on which a nozzle in the form of a sprayer is installed. It is important to know: an excessive amount of water can seriously complicate further work, since such a sandy layer simply cannot be compacted qualitatively.
- Wait until the layer is completely dry.
It is in this order that sand should be poured if a strip foundation for floors is erected in the building. On the ground, it is necessary to pass a vibrating plate more often to get a well-compacted layer.
Reinforcing frame construction
This is a complex and lengthy process. Experienced craftsmen recommend reinforcing the strip foundation according to the following step-by-step instructions.
- Lay a few crossbars (each should have a diameter of 6 to 8 mm).
- Calculate the concrete pouring depth.
- Form the lower girdle in this way: put a 12 mm ribbed reinforcement on the cross members.
- Install the upper vertical rods at the junctions of the parts.
- Final step: laying two longitudinal rods on the elements.
The details of the frame must be bandaged with steel wire.
Foundation pouring
The concrete base must be erected on the formed sand layer. The solution is prepared from cement M400, river sand, gravel and water. To do concreting with your own hands, you must perform the following steps:
- Fill in the main 10 cm layer.
- Next, a cement-sand mortar is required to fill the prepared surface by 50 cm.
- Seal the concrete mass with a construction vibrator or simply by tapping it with a hammer.
After pouring the first layer, it will be necessary to release air from it. To do this, take the reinforcing pin and use it to make small holes in the solution every two meters. The mixture is recommended to be poured at a time to reduce construction time.
Waterproofing
If a house is being built on a strip foundation with a ground floor, then the flooring must be protected from the negative effects of high humidity. The proximity of groundwater is the main reason why the foundation may collapse over time if the project did not provide a waterproofing device. To secure the flooring of the building is recommended in this way.
- Purchase a 15-cm plastic film, which should be laid on the surface with an overlap, and then glue the seams of the material.
- It is recommended to equip the second layer in the same way in order to reliably protect the coating from moisture penetration.
- Warm floors with foam or mineral wool (this layer should be 10 cm).
You can equip the flooring with the help of two technologies, each of which should be described in more detail.
Dry floor screed
These construction works are carried out in several layers: sand cushion, rough screed and waterproofing. Here in this order floors are erected on the ground. After that, using the ready-made mixtures, a dry screed is made according to this algorithm:
- Installation of beacons, profiles or strips, which must be fixed with putty.
- Pour crushed expanded clay between the parts, and then level the material on the waterproofing layer, which was previously organized.
- Dry screed boards are laid on the cover, which is recommended to be fixed with 25 mm screws.
By the way, if the project has a pile foundation, flooring on the ground can be done in the same way.
Performing a bulk screed
When a construction project is being built on a strip foundation with a ground floor, then it is recommended to equip the flooring with this technology. After completion of the bulk coating device, the surface should become flat.
The execution technique has many features:
- The waterproofing layer should be thoroughly cleaned of dirt and dust, and then treated several times with liquid glass, previously diluted with water.
- The mixture for the bulk screed will have to be prepared independently from water and bulk material.
- The finished composition should stand for about 10 minutes to acquire the desired hardness.
- The mixture is recommended to be poured onto the floor so that the layer thickness is within 3-10 mm.
- The screed should be leveled with a spatula.
- It is recommended to eliminate irregularities with a needle roller.
- The final step is to finish the hardened coating.
It is recommended to do a bulk screed, since only in this way the shrinkage of the walls will be excluded, and the sound insulation of the room will also increase.
Final actions
The arrangement of floors on the ground is a complex matter, during which the boundaries of the layers must be correctly distributed. In addition, you will have to do waterproofing on the lighthouses. It is recommended that you constantly check the quality of each layer so that the flooring is durable. If communication is necessary, the wires must be placed in a metal box, and the holes carefully treated with sealant.
If the floor on the ground on the strip foundation bends, then the technological process is incorrectly performed. Most often this happens due to poor-quality solution. It is recommended to cover the flooring with insulation at the end of the work, and lay tiles, parquet boards, laminate or linoleum on top of it.