The introduction of professional standards began in 2013. In May 2012, the President signed a decree. The professional standards of the Russian Federation are aimed at strengthening the economic system in the country, raising the qualification level of employees of enterprises and institutions. Consider this institution in more detail.
Relevance of the issue
Professional standards for professions represent certain requirements for the competence of employees of certain enterprises, institutions, organizations. With the development of the economy, its transition to a qualitatively new level, previous installations become irrelevant, not consistent with the current situation. Some official professional standards of the Ministry of Labor were formed more than 20 years ago. Moreover, the requirements for the competence of specific employees are expressed in several sentences. As the Head of State noted, such “superficial” standards cannot contribute to the effective construction of the economy.
Regulatory rationale
The increased attention of the authorities to determining the levels of competence of specialists in various fields allows us to fill in gaps in the TC. Federal Law No. 236- dated December 3, 2012 introduced an amendment formulating the concept of a professional standard and employee qualifications. Previously, these terms were not in the Code.
Appointment
Labor standards of the Ministry of Labor disclose the activities of specialists working at different skill levels and related to one technological task. It can be research, production, design, maintenance. The description of the requirements for the employee themselves is complex. When formulating them, a more modern design is used. It involves a combination of requirements with skills and knowledge, competence and experience.
Professional standards for professions replaced the existing qualification manuals, which are outdated due to the lack of many modern specialties in them, in any case, in areas that are economically mobile. However, personnel officers have to adhere to previous standards. This is due to the fact that they contain categories for which allowances and benefits have been established. The use of professional standards will allow you to move away from this system. In accordance with it, benefits are attached to the type name of the post, and not to the skills, functionality, abilities and knowledge of the employee. If we allow a slight change today, for example, change the word order in the title, then the employee will not be able to receive the due allowance or any other form of state support.
Professional standards by professions: list
Currently, about 300 projects of new requirements for specialists have been submitted. The expert council has agreed on more than 200 categories. Among them are professional standards for professions in the automotive industry, information technology, space and nuclear industry. The social sphere and patent science did not go unnoticed. Among the categories approved at the ministerial level, there are professional standards for professions:
- Programmer.
- Social worker.
- Patent Specialist.
- The head of the social services institution.
- Psychologist in the social sphere.
- Family Relationship Specialist.
- Employee of the authority of guardianship and custody of minors and so on.
Another area of activity in which professional standards were formulated by profession is healthcare. In accordance with the proposals of federal executive structures, leading associations, associations of employers and staff representatives, a list of 805 categories has been formed for which it is necessary to develop and adopt requirements.
The sphere of education
The newly introduced professional standards for educational professions caused a mixed reaction from the public. Specialists voiced criticism of the changes under consideration. For example, the professional standard of the teacher became the subject of discussion almost immediately after its approval, some dubbed it a utopia. Although the only goal of the Ministry during its development was to improve the quality of education in the country.
As Dmitry Livanov noted , after the introduction of the standard in full, it will act as the basis for certification. In addition, the teacher’s professional standard will serve as a guideline for building a path for improving the quality of work of each teacher. From now on, teachers will be obliged not only to conduct lessons correctly, but also to use psychological techniques to solve difficult situations, to be able to use modern electronic technologies.
Implementation Features
The teacher's professional standard began to be used everywhere from January 1, 2015. During 2014, a process of gradual approbation in a number of regions went through as they became available. The teacher’s professional standard formed the basis of standards for other specialists and organizations involved in this field. In addition, the Ministry did not exclude the possibility that separate requirements will be developed for all subject teachers, as well as senior staff (head teachers and school principals). Currently, there is already a professional standard for a preschool teacher, defectologist, tutor, psychologist and others. The standards touched institutions implementing programs in boarding schools, technical schools, and children's colonies.
Further conversions
Due to the fact that the strengthening of the Russian qualification system is directly dependent on vocational education, amendments to the curricula of universities, colleges and lyceums were discussed. According to Irina Savelyeva, if the concept is implemented in accordance with modern economic conditions, the benefits of transformations will be obvious. This is especially true for personnel training. At the time the reforms began, training in a number of professions was not conducted at all, despite the high demand for them in the market. A clear training system was not developed for personnel accounting specialties. At best, these were short-term continuing education courses. Thus, all specialists were trained already in the process of work. Personnel accounting is considered a universal and unique field of activity. The specialist employed in it must be versed in many industries. Among them are psychology, labor law, labor protection, financial economics, accounting.
Modernization program
In accordance with the implementation of standards for the teaching staff, a draft reform was prepared for 2014-2017. Within its framework, pilot programs will be launched in 17-25 domestic universities to test new models, train carriers of new technologies and ideologies. Another element of the system is the implementation of the process of confirming the qualifications of employees through a special exam. It is provided by the professional standard of a teacher of preschool education, pre-university and university training. This mechanism can only be launched by building a network of certification independent centers. They will confirm or refute the professional level of employees. The assessment that the specialist in the certification center will receive will act as a kind of passport of professional solvency of the applicant for the position.
Areas of distribution
In the process of developing professional standards, the areas of their application were immediately identified:
- Formation of personnel policy and personnel management.
- Organization of certification and training of employees.
- Development of instructions.
- Tariffing of works and assignment of categories.
- Establishment of payroll systems.
This means that, introducing a professional standard, the employer must review all existing procedures at his enterprise. In addition, it is necessary to revise the contents of the instructions, the conditions for providing work to a specific employee, as well as the entire salary scheme.
Job descriptions
The established qualification requirements are transferred to these documents. Instead of job descriptions, another local act may be used that describes the knowledge and skills that a particular employee should have. Such documents, respectively, also need to be amended. The question often arises, can an employee not sign an updated instruction if new requirements do not suit him? Refusal of an employee will be unlawful if the rules are established at the official level.
Training
As many experts admit, employees of institutions and enterprises often do not meet the requirements that a professional standard makes. Therefore, the employer must "pull" their employees to the desired level. How to do it? It is necessary to create the necessary conditions for the employee to obtain the required knowledge. For example, if the professional standard of the educator requires a diploma of a professional institution, but the employee does not have one, then the latter will urgently have to go to the appropriate institution. If a specialist needs special training or any special skills, then the employer should organize the appropriate courses.
Do I need to know and be able to do everything that the norm requires?
According to experts, in some cases it is necessary to approach the issue individually. For example, the accountant's professional standard gives a general description of the specialty, covering all the skills that a generalist should possess. At the same time, an employee of a large company can be a narrow specialist, carry out activities in only one or some areas. So, for example, he can only perform payroll or only depreciation. In this case, it is more logical to present only those requirements that correspond to its functions in the enterprise. If the tasks of the employee are fully consistent with what the professional standard of the accountant leads in the general sense, then the level of training should be higher and the control over the implementation of standards will be correspondingly wider.
Is dismissal allowed if an employee does not meet the requirements?
The TC defines the grounds on which the manager can relieve the employee of his post. The list does not include such a concept as "non-compliance with professional standards." Experts point out that the dismissal of an employee who avoids further education, training, training is possible on the basis of certification or due to a reduction. Both the first and second procedures will be rather laborious and will require strict observance of the order and execution of a number of documents.
Commercial and state enterprises
Leaders are interested in whether the application of professional standards in one or another organization is the same. The Law allows the establishment of special rules for:
- Extra-budgetary state funds.
- Municipal / state unitary enterprises or institutions.
- State corporations.
- Business companies and companies, more than half of the shares or shares of the authorized capital of which are in municipal or state ownership.
Revision of the pay system
It should be noted that in professional standards for each individual generalized function, not only recommended job titles are established, but also skill levels. The requirements do not determine the size of salaries for each specialty. Nevertheless, one should know that the minimum wage (minimum wage) acts as a guarantee of payment of the first qualification level. For example, if according to the accountant’s standard the functions are provided that correspond to the 5th and 6th levels, then the salary of an employee cannot be equal to the minimum wage. This means that a multiplier should be provided .
Assessment of skills
You can determine the level of education by diploma. Assessment of skills will be somewhat more difficult. Possible options are:
- Certification . It is a rather complicated procedure. For its implementation, it is necessary to draw up a large amount of documentation, which includes schedules, a local certification certificate, orders, characteristics, minutes of meetings and so on. Along with this, it is necessary to determine the assessment tools that will be applied, the composition of the commission and the level of training of its members, and criteria for testing skills and knowledge.
- Certification The legislators had high hopes for this procedure. A schedule for the formation of certification centers was developed and approved. By the end of 2017, it is planned to open 289 such organizations. They will be able to get certified by more than 70 thousand employees. If for any enterprise the established professional standard by professions becomes mandatory, then confirmation of employee compliance can be done by sending it to such a center. Currently, there are already organizations for certification of lawyers, personnel officers and so on. One more important point should be noted. Certification is allowed not for all the requirements specified in the professional standard, but for compliance with 1-2 generalized functions, if the employee performs only them.
- Assessment in special expert centers . Its implementation will require large financial investments. However, in this case, the conclusions of the experts will be practically impossible to challenge, since they have the necessary qualifications and will evaluate quite strictly. Tests and procedures in such centers are developed at a high level.
- Self assessment . It represents the internal control of the leader. The director of the enterprise can independently conduct testing, come up with test cases, give special tasks. Employees can be evaluated based on surveys, recommendations, questionnaires. However, the results of such a procedure cannot serve as the basis for dismissal in case of non-compliance of the employee with the requirements.
Controlling Organizations
Who is authorized to check compliance? If the use of a professional standard for a particular profession is mandatory, then labor inspectors will evaluate the specialists. Skills of employees are difficult to verify, but authorized persons can request documents. They must confirm that the manager conducted an assessment of compliance with established professional standards. If the standards establish a minimum knowledge requirement, a diploma is checked. In addition, the correspondence of the name of the post to the name in the professional standard is established.
Advantages and disadvantages
Among the advantages of introducing mandatory professional standards in enterprises, organizations and institutions, the following points should be noted:
- It becomes easier for the employer to develop job descriptions, establish qualification requirements for staff when hiring.
- It is clear what kind of skills you need to evaluate when selecting candidates for the position or during the certification.
- It becomes easier motivation to refuse employment. This point is extremely important, since the draft law is under discussion, according to which the tenant will be obliged to give a reasoned answer to each non-passing applicant.
- The employee understands what is required of him. In accordance with this, he will "pull up" his level to the necessary.
The disadvantages of introducing a new system include:
- The complexity of the process of bringing internal personnel documentation of the enterprise in accordance with the requirements established in professional standards.
- Training, staff development. These processes often take a lot of time and in some cases require large financial investments.
Despite the presence of a number of shortcomings, the state is aimed at continuing the implementation of the developed program. According to experts, such a system will streamline the world of work and bring its state in line with modern market conditions. In addition, the number of educated, competent specialists will increase at enterprises, which is extremely important for the development of the country's economy.