Various objects around us and occurring around the phenomenon affect the human senses and are reflected in his mind. This is the perception of the world around us, which in Latin means a cognitive process. The perception of each person is different, but, despite this, there are general characteristics that are called - properties of perception.
Activity - perception is always in action, in search of new information. He cannot be stopped. You can only dull, muffle, make it so that you do not pay attention for some time. The process by which the properties of perception in psychology become dull is called hyposthesia. Usually, hyposthesia is associated with mental overwork.
The main properties of perception:
- Objectivity is a property of perception, connected directly with the subject and caused by it. We attribute all received information to this or that subject. The main role here is played by movement and touch. The object is perceived as a separately taken body, separated from space and time. If there is no real impact, then there is no perception. Rather, there is no normal perception, it is distorted. When exposed to monotonous objects, repeating patterns or sounds, meaningless words, susceptibility becomes dull.
- Integrity - sensations provide information about the individual properties of an object, perception is a holistic image based on generalization. Due to this property, the world is perceived in the form of things, in the form of events occurring in it. If not for integrity, the world would be perceived as chaos, as separate sounds and touches. Identification of the whole would not occur.
- Structurality (generalization) - this in no way means the sum of the sensations. We perceive a generalized structure of sensations, the formation of which takes place over some time. For example, when we listen to music - this is a generalized structure, we hear notes in their order.
- Constancy is constancy. The conditions in which perceptual properties operate are very diverse and variable. But the object is perceived as permanent, regardless of the surrounding conditions. This provides the object with recognition. For example, "a monkey, she is also a monkey in Africa." The example, of course, is a little exaggerated, but, in general terms, it is.
- Meaningfulness . Despite the fact that perception appears when there is some effect on the receptors, the images themselves have semantic meaning. For example, animals perceive everything literally: the crunch of a branch guards them, meaning the danger is approaching, they put a bowl, so they will feed, etc. A man thinks on a large scale, understanding the essence of the subject. From perceived things and events, a person is able to draw completely “indirect conclusions”. For example, in a separate image, a person is able to come up with or think up a whole picture and, in addition, still explain it. A person perceives hints, thinking himself what they wanted to convey to him.
- Selectivity - a person prefers one thing over another. And this is normal.
The properties of perception in their entirety comprise perception, in which an adequate image of an object is formed and perceived. It is divided into the following types:
- visual;
hearing;
- tactile;
and other species.
The properties of perception can be characterized, quantified. For example, the threshold of perception is that level of sensitivity at which the receptor registers that a stimulus is present. This is a physiological threshold. And there is a threshold of awareness of the perception of the stimulus. For example, sometimes we feel something, but cannot explain what it is. The perception threshold can be measured using special instruments. Perception volume is measured without instruments.