During the construction of a country house, the design of the boiler house is necessarily included. It can be located both in the house itself (usually in the basement or in the utility room), and in a separate erected building. In any case, when equipping a boiler room, the norms of SNiP must be observed.
SNiP requirements for the room
Installing heating equipment in a separate building allows you to save space in the house itself. In addition, in this case, the boiler room is more secure.
When erecting such a structure, the following requirements for the boiler room must be observed:
- the building must necessarily have its own foundation, in no way connected with the foundation of the house itself;
- the boiler is installed at a height of about 15 cm from the floor level;
- own foundation is built under the boiler;
- the floor is poured with a cement-sand mixture;
- walls and roof are made of non-combustible materials.
It is, of course, convenient to locate the boiler room in a separate building. But not every owner of a country house has the opportunity to erect such a building. Therefore, most often the boiler room is still located on the ground floors or in the utility rooms in the residential building itself. In this case, when arranging it, you must also comply with certain standards of SNiP. Boiler installations are mounted in rooms:
- having at least a small window;
- equipped with a ventilation system designed for three-fold air renewal within an hour;
- with walls, floors and ceilings finished with non-combustible materials;
- with a ceiling height of at least 2.5 m;
- with an exit leading directly to the street.
The minimum volume of a room for gas boiler plants is 15 m 3 .
Basic equipment
In addition to the boiler itself, for the arrangement of the boiler room are purchased:
- water treatment and water treatment systems;
- circulation pump;
- expansion tank;
- chimney;
- distribution comb.
In addition, various additional equipment can be mounted on boiler plants: deaerators, storage tanks, water heaters, etc.
In what cases is a heating collector used for a boiler room
This equipment is included in the heating system, usually only in houses of a large area with a large number of radiators. The main structural elements of the classic collector are two pipes (supply and return) with several outputs. On expensive models, various additional automation or control elements can be used.
Installation of the heating collector is usually done in a special cabinet. Sometimes it is placed simply in a wall niche. The number of outputs is selected depending on how many groups of radiators it is planned to connect.
Types of collectors
The design of all the distribution units currently available for sale is about the same. The models differ, as already mentioned, mainly only by the presence or absence of various kinds of additions and “bells and whistles”. An expensive heating collector for a boiler room, in addition to the inlet and outlet outputs, may include:
- flow meters necessary to adjust the amount of hot water directed to the radiators;
- air vents;
- thermal heads regulating the degree of water heating.
The simplest and cheapest distribution manifold of the heating system is an ordinary brass or steel pipe with a thread and outputs for connecting highways. If desired, such models can subsequently be equipped with thermal heads and flow meters separately. Home-made distribution units are usually made of polypropylene tees.
Hydro models
In complex heating systems with several consumption zones (underfloor heating, boiler, a large number of radiator circuits), a special kind of collectors is usually used. Such models are complemented by the so-called hydraulic arrow. The latter is responsible for the distribution of water according to the degree of heating. The heating collector with a hydraulic arrow excludes the possibility of interaction between the elements of the system and thereby increases its productivity.
Highways
A heating collector for the boiler room is usually installed in the immediate vicinity of the boiler itself. The supply and return lines to the radiators from it most often extend along the floor. In new buildings, pipes are in most cases poured with concrete. At the same time, in order to avoid heat loss, the lines are pre-insulated.
Collector price
Such equipment is not too expensive. If desired, you can choose a cheap and yet sufficiently reliable collector for heating. The price of the cheapest models is 250-500 rubles. The cost of more advanced collectors with flow meters, thermal heads, etc. starts from 4-5 thousand rubles. The most expensive models of foreign production with automatic regulation can be sold for 14-16 thousand rubles.
Varieties of boilers
This equipment, of course, is the main in the heating system. Today in private homes boilers can be installed:
- gas;
- electric;
- diesel;
- solid fuel.
At the same time, the most popular boiler equipment for a boiler room is gas. Such boilers are more expensive than electric ones. But at the same time and in operation they are much more economical. Electric models are usually mounted only where there are no gas pipelines. If in the area where the house is built, there is no power line, either diesel or solid fuel boilers are usually installed.
Norms of SNiP for the installation of gas equipment
The installation of such boilers requires mandatory coordination with the controlling organization. Modern industry produces gas boilers of two main varieties:
Before installing the first type of equipment, that wall section on which the boiler will be located is necessarily covered with a sheet of refractory material (for wooden walls). These are the requirements of SNiP. Gas floor boiler plants must be mounted on a strictly horizontal surface. In the extension, it can be, for example, a concrete pedestal. Light models can be installed on a pre-mounted metal sheet.
On the one hand, a supply pipe from the well is connected to the boiler (through a water treatment system), on the other hand, a distribution comb (or simply supplying a heating medium to the system).
The following requirements apply to chimneys according to SNiP:
- the diameter of the sleeves should not be less than that indicated in the technical passport of the boiler;
- above the roof level the chimney should rise by at least 0.5 m;
- the distance between the clamps when attaching the pipe to the wall should not be less than 2 m.
SNiP requirements for the installation of electric boilers
Heating equipment of this kind can be installed anywhere. Ventilation in this case is also optional. The only restriction is that it is not allowed to install very powerful electric boilers in public buildings under those rooms in which mass crowds are possible.
Installation of solid fuel boilers
Such equipment is not explosive, and therefore the requirements for its installation are small. The minimum floor area in this case is 8 m2. Before the furnace of such a boiler, a metal sheet should lie. The rest of the floor is covered with fireproof material. A room must be equipped with a window with a size of at least 0.8 m 2 per 1 kW of the boiler. Also, according to the standards, a fire extinguisher and a box with sand are placed in the boiler room.
Installation requirements for diesel boilers
The installation of such equipment, as well as solid fuel or electric, does not need to receive any permits. However, the requirements for the premises in this case are quite strict because of the need to store fuel.
The door leading from the boiler room to the interior should be fireproof (protection class III). The minimum distance from the front surface of the boiler to the opposite wall is 1 m. The volume of fuel stored in the tank should not exceed 900 liters. Walls in such rooms should be finished with tiles or mineral plaster. In one of them, a niche for a heating collector is usually arranged. For a boiler room, when using diesel equipment, a freestanding structure is most often constructed.
Water treatment system
This type of equipment is used to protect boiler plants from premature wear. The use of hard water in the heating system leads to the appearance of scale on the elements of its design, as well as to accelerated rusting of the latter. The use of a water treatment group allows us to solve this problem by purifying water from various kinds of impurities. This system usually includes equipment such as:
- softener (chemical or electromagnetic);
- iron remover
- coarse and fine filters.
A water treatment group is established most often in the basement, on the input line, which supplies water from the well. The first is always a coarse filter that removes solid particles of dirt and sludge from the water.
Boiler equipment for a boiler room: circulation pump
The use of this equipment allows you to make the heating system forced, and therefore, more efficient and productive. There are many models of circulation pumps on sale. When choosing this equipment, first of all, pay attention to its pressure and performance. In addition, the type of coolant used in the system is taken into account. The circulation pump is usually mounted on the return pipe next to the boiler on the bypass.
Expansion tank and chimney
When choosing such equipment should also adhere to certain recommendations. Expansion tanks in modern boiler rooms are usually closed type. Open models are used only in self-flowing heating systems, which are quite rare these days.
Chimneys for boilers can be used brick or metal. In the latter case, black, stainless or galvanized steel is used to make the pipe. Metal chimneys are additionally insulated to prevent the formation of condensate and soot.