Monuments of cultural heritage play an important role in our life. It is through them that we can become more familiar with the history we are studying. We also have the opportunity to leave such a legacy to our descendants, which will help them better imagine our time, cultures and customs. But it is important to know which institutions preserve cultural monuments.
Classification of Monuments
The spiritual sphere of our society includes many facets. Some types are worth mentioning:
- buildings (churches, castles, manors, monasteries, sculptures, monuments, mansions);
- household items ;
- arts and crafts (murals, icons, various metal products, fabrics, wood).
Cultural Heritage Criteria
The signs for attributing an object or object to cultural monuments are usually determined by the following points:
- The date the item was created. This can be a year of construction or an approximate determination of the time period using special tools.
- Those who are the author of the object.
- The presence of a connection with a historical event.
- Environmental importance.
- Having a relationship with a public figure.
Such activities as the assessment of an object and its awarding of status are carried out by the society for the protection of cultural monuments. And everyone needs to know which institutions are engaged in the preservation of cultural monuments.
The importance of preserving cultural heritage
It is worthwhile to consider in detail why it is necessary to protect cultural monuments from destruction of both natural (meaning the impact of external and internal natural factors that do not depend on a person), and artificial nature (mechanical damage associated with human activity). Negligence or deliberate destruction of monuments has led to the loss of many cultural property. About them it was learned only from books, official documents and myths that describe real events, but slightly embellished.
The protection of cultural monuments should be carried out everywhere and on a regular basis. But it is often possible to observe how any important monuments have sunk into oblivion, and only a few centuries later, experts recognized that the lost objects were the greatest achievements of that time.
What institutions preserve cultural monuments?
The protection of cultural heritage only became popular in the eighteenth century. Peter I issued a special decree, and only then began to protect significant cultural monuments. But in connection with the imitation of European culture, many antiques were not appreciated, the same can be said of churches. They were demolished in large numbers, for example, to expand the city and build new houses. Only under Nicholas I was the destruction of buildings prohibited.
After that, special organizations were organized that evaluated and protected the monuments of cultural heritage. But during the civil war and during atheist sentiments in politics, many important objects were destroyed. Some estates and churches were saved only by the fact that various museums were created in them.
Which institutions preserve cultural monuments now? At the moment, the number of such organizations is simply amazing. There are many restoration workshops, institutes of cultural studies, research institutes of restoration, various museums, etc.
All of these organizations primarily preserve, restore and protect what is already available at the moment. Also, such institutions are constantly looking for new, or rather, well-forgotten or lost cultural heritage sites. Manuscripts, official documents, photographs, both of a personal nature and from the archives of museums, personal correspondence, stories, books, and paintings help them in this.