How to build a Russian stove with your own hands: a device, step-by-step instructions for working with photos

In the article we will look at how to build a Russian stove with your own hands. It is recommended to seek the help of an experienced stove-maker, especially if you have never encountered such a job. But in case you do not have the opportunity to ask the advice of more experienced masters, you can try to understand all the basics of this difficult matter. If you look closely, you can see that the design of the Russian stove is ugly simple. But at the same time, when erecting it, it is necessary to follow all the recommendations, which will be discussed later. In order for the work to be performed perfectly, you need to focus on SNiP III-G.11-62 and SP 7.13130.2013. Focusing on them, you will understand how to build a Russian stove with your own hands.

What are the pros and cons of installing a Russian stove in the house?

The stove is a rather massive construction that can be used both for heating and cooking. Often there is a couch in it. It’s very comfortable to sleep on the latter when there is a terrible cold in the yard. And if you decide to build a Russian stove with a stove bench, then you definitely will not regret it. You can find designs with a fireplace or hob. Before proceeding with the construction of such a furnace, you need to pay attention to all the nuances. Carefully evaluate all scales of work and characteristics. The advantages of the furnace include:

1. High degree of fire safety.
2. Cools slowly.
3. Durable
4. The cost of construction is small.
5. When cooking, there is no contact with fire.

And if you decide to build a Russian stove with a stove bench, then you also have a warm place to sleep in the winter. You’ll be like Ilya Muromets (or Emelya). But there are also disadvantages, among which:

1. Efficiency rarely exceeds 30%.
2. Fuel is not consumed very economically.
3. The rooms are heated unevenly. Often, the temperature difference between the bottom and top of one room can be 20 degrees.
4. Fuel burns unevenly.
5. If you cook a dish in the oven, then it is hardly possible to keep track of it.

The principle of operation and device

There are a huge number of modifications of the Russian stove. They have significant differences both in shape and in size, device. Therefore, you need to decide in advance how to build a Russian stove in the country or in the house. Very often it happened that in one small village in all houses the stoves were different. There were simply no identical people. Today it is possible to carry out such a classification:

1. In size - large, small and medium.
2. By functionality - classic, advanced. The latter are constructions with a stove, fireplace, sunbed and other additions.
3. The shape of the arch is barrel-shaped, domed, three-center.

But what is better to build a Russian stove in the country? What does it consist of? The design of the furnace includes such elements:

1. The crucible acts as the basis. This is a firebox, consisting of a hearth (bottom) and a roof (top). Firewood and utensils are usually stacked under.
2. The mouth is an opening in the crucible.
3. The sixth window is an opening in the wall opposite the mouth.
4. A six is ​​a space that is between all openings.
5. The weir is a channel into which smoke first enters.
6. A view is an element that allows you to restrict the flow of cold air into the oven.
7. Hailo is an element that overlaps with a view.
8. A cold stove (or podshestok) is a place to store various dishes.
9. A crib is a space that is located directly below the firebox. As a rule, firewood is stored here.

Now you know what parts it consists of and how to build a Russian stove in the house. But only in general terms, we will consider the nuances below.

The principle of operation of the structure is not very complicated. Firewood is laid as tightly as possible under. In order for combustion to take place, oxygen is needed - it will be supplied through the bottom of the mouth. Gradually, firewood burns stronger, the temperature rises. Smoke first accumulates directly under the vault, after which it enters the hail and then into the chimney.

How to choose a material

This is perhaps one of the crucial moments. All materials used in the manufacture of the furnace must be fireproof. Here is a short list:

1. To perform the laying of the furnace and chimney, only clay brick should be used.
2. For the manufacture of the arch and hearth - refractory or refractory brick.
3. As a cladding, it is allowed to use plaster, natural stone, tiles.
4. Clay brick, cardboard and any asbestos-based slabs, mineral wool are suitable as protection against fire.

Before you build a Russian stove on the street, you will need to choose the material correctly. After all, the main condition is that she should not be afraid of moisture. Please note that the mixture for laying the furnace is not always the same. It depends on the type of brick used:

1. If you use refractory bricks, then you need to use refractory clay and sand.
2. Refractory - fireclay powder and refractory clay.
3. Clay brick - clay sand mortar.

To make a chimney, you need to use a solution of lime and cement. Sand and lime are allowed. How to build a Russian stove with a stove bench in the house, you know. It will not be difficult. Unless, of course, there is a desire and opportunity to do this.

Several nuances when choosing a material

Allowed as an independent manufacture of solutions, and the purchase of the finished mixture. The latter option, by the way, is more attractive for lazy people. No need to worry that you will make a solution with the wrong proportion. The range of mixtures today is very large, so there should be no problems with the choice. The main thing is to follow the technology.

If you select the right solution and materials, then you will ensure full compliance with all fire safety standards. In addition, the entire structure will be sturdy and stable. When you buy materials, pay attention to their quality. The brick should have the most accurate dimensions, the surface is perfectly flat. There should be no extraneous inclusions.

Clay is only plastic and red, without the slightest fraction of impurities. Before proceeding with the preparation of the solution, the clay must be soaked in water and wiped through a grid. The sand should be taken fine-grained, particle size not more than 1.5 mm.

What tools do you need?

In order not to stop during the construction process, prepare all the tools in advance:

• Construction pencil.
• Ruler, tape measure.
• Trowel (trowel).
• Pickaxe.
• Level.
• Mallet (rubber).
• Plumb line.
• Buckets, small troughs - for mixing the solution.
• Mixer or drill head.
• Stitching.

It is necessary to determine the size of the Russian stove, it will be possible to build it only if the plan is correctly drawn up. This is what is worth mentioning.

How to choose a place for construction?

We draw your attention to the fact that the Russian stove must be included in the project at the preparation stage. Only in this way will you be able to build one that will last you more than one decade. When designing, you need to pay attention to such points:

1. Foundation. It is necessary to pour a separate foundation under the stove. The main condition is that it must withstand all the loads that the stove will create. As a rule, a reinforced concrete slab is made or blocks are installed. Moreover, it should not be in contact with the main foundation - it is necessary to make a small gap, which is covered with sand. The base should be below the floor by about the thickness of two bricks. After the first row of masonry, you must make waterproofing.
2. The chimney must pass freely through the coatings and floors - this is another important condition. Skate beams, rafters and other elements should be away from the chimney.
   
3. The oven should be conveniently located. After all, it and the chimney significantly affect the ergonomics of the entire building. For this reason, it is extremely important to carefully consider all the details: the placement of doors and windows, furniture, etc.
4. Be sure to consider the fire safety requirements. The furnace should be as far away as possible from all combustible structures.

Of course, you can cheat a little and reduce the size. We will not tell how to build a Russian mini-oven - the analogy is the same, only the sizes are smaller.

How to improve security?

In order to prevent ignition of walls and ceilings that are in close proximity to the furnace, it is important to perform such manipulations:

1. Nail a sheet of metal on the floor near the window of the hearth. Sheet size - 70x50 cm.
2. It is necessary to maintain the distance between the stove and the wall (or partition). It should be equal to the height of the furnace itself. In other words, if her height is 1.3 m, then the distance to the nearest combustible wall should be the same. Be sure to protect the walls and partitions with plaster, brick, tile.
3. Between the window of the six and the wall should be more than 1.25 m.
4. Reinforced concrete and metal beams that pass near the chimney should be at least 13 cm from its inner surface.
5. If the beams are made of wood, then the gap is the same, only from the outer surface.

Features of the work

Not afraid of difficulties and decided to erect a stove? Then you need to determine the type of structure and acquire an ordinal plan for masonry. Please note that it is not recommended to carry out work at temperatures below +5 degrees. In winter, do not masonry the stove. So, we proceed to the manufacture of the structure. The walkthrough looks like this:

• First, you need to lay two rows of bricks on the foundation. Between them, you need a waterproofing layer.
• Wet the clay brick and spread the first row at the level of the finish floor. Use only whole blocks, be sure to provide ligation at the corners with the next row. For this, three-quarter bricks are used. Three such blocks must be laid in each of the corners. The joints should be less than 5 mm thick, the mortar must be distributed over the entire surface of the brick. Constantly control the horizontal laying - otherwise you will not be able to make a high-quality furnace.
• Solid bricks need to lay out the second row. It is imperative that you leave a small gap for the underside. In the event that you do not plan to finish, then immediately cross-stitch all the seams until the mortar has frozen. Bricks must be cleaned of residual mortar with a damp cloth. After the second row, horizontality should be assessed using a plumb line.
  
• The third and fourth rows need to be bandaged in the corners. For laying the fourth, you need to use solid bricks. The arch of the underfloor will rely on the extreme briquettes located at the opening. They need to be crushed.
• After the fifth row, you need to use the formwork. With its help, the arch of the subheath is made. From one to another heel, the seams are bandaged, the bricks are pressed as tightly as possible to each other. The eighth row is the last for the set.
• Walls need to be laid out in one brick. Ligation is done up to the 10th row, which provides a platform for the under-pod. Under the arch, the space in the underfill must be covered with sand or glass. In this case, the stove will be able to give off more heat.
• The 11th row is laid out like the previous ones. This is the undercoat coating.
• The 12th row is under. It is made using refractory bricks, the solution is not used. All gaps need to be covered with sand. On the left you need to provide a hole for ash and coal.
• Now we proceed to laying the furnace. It is completely made of refractory bricks. Seams no more than 3 mm. First you need to put the bricks on the edge along the inner contour. As for the walls, they need to be made in ¾ brick, ligation is mandatory. For strength to be higher, you need to grind the briquettes located in the front two corners, at an angle of 45 degrees. Install the formwork between them.
• The 16th row is the vault of the furnace. All the space between the walls and the arch must be covered with sand. You need to spread the arch from the edges, gradually moving to the middle. Use twine to check the masonry.
• The hearth window has the shape of an arch. It is laid out after the arch.
• On the 20th row, the walls of the stove are being erected, while the space above the sixth is reduced.
• The 25th row is done in much the same way as the 10th. Sutures are necessarily bandaged. The space above the sixth need to be reduced in order to form an overtube.
• 22nd row - the overtube needs to be made even smaller. Then lay the samovar channel there.
• 23rd row - at this stage, you need to provide a place for soot and a window for cleaning.
• 24th row - block the overtube. Provide an opening for installing the view. Opposite him, you need to put the door. The view will open and close through it.
  
• 29th row - the samovar channel and the annulus are connected.
• 32nd row - with the help of a solid brick, an overtube is blocked. Leave one hole and close it with the valve. After installing it, you can proceed to laying the chimney.

All timber formwork can be removed a week after the masonry mortar gains strength. It is not recommended to remove it before. By the way, the stove is laid on the same principle, the fireplace in the country. It is also possible to build a Russian stove using this technology, but the main thing is to follow the instructions.

What to do with the chimney?

Traditionally, Russian stoves are made with direct chimneys. At the same time, the combustion product goes directly to the street, it does not encounter almost any obstacles in its path. The optimum cross section of the chimney is 260x260 mm. But the height must be determined. To do this, you need to know the distance to the ridge:

1. If the distance is less than 1.5 m, it is necessary that the chimney is at least 0.5 m above the ridge.
2. If the gap is 1.5-3 m, then the pipe should be above the level of the ridge.
3. If the distance is more than 3 m, then you need to draw at an angle of 10 degrees to the horizon down. And the chimney should be higher than her.

These data will help you build a Russian stove. The classic Russian stove has a reliable chimney. It is imperative that it is stable. And be sure to consider these requirements:

1. The density of the walls of the pipe and chimney should not allow smoke to enter the rooms. For this reason, it is necessary to make the seams as high quality as possible - there should be no voids in them, the thickness is less than 1 cm.
2. The entire surface of the chimney should be rubbed with a solution and whitened.
3. The upper part, which is located above the roof, must be plastered. This will protect it from the effects of rainfall.
4. If the chimney is located above the combustible roof, a spark trap must be installed. It is made of metal mesh.
5. Where the chimney is in contact with the ceiling, it is necessary to expand it - this is butchering. It also needs to be done correctly. If there is no protection against fire, then the cutting should be 0.5 m. If the design has protection, then 38 cm. Cutting and overlapping should be independent.

Several oven finishes

The stove is a very large and heavy construction, which in any case will be striking. Therefore, it must be decorated. The main thing is that all surfaces are smooth and easy to clean. What finishes can be used:

1. Plastering. The stove will get a neat appearance. In addition, with its help you will be able to eliminate all minor defects that were allowed during the masonry. The solution for the plaster must be chosen based on what quality is needed. Also, the composition of the solution depends on the humidity level in the room. As a rule, a composition of sand and clay is used, sometimes alabaster, lime, cement are added. The maximum thickness is 10 mm.
2. Swabbing walls and unbuttoning seams is another good design option. In this case, you need to clean the walls of the stove from the protruding solution. Then the seams are filled and an attractive look is given to them. The main thing is to clean all the bricks in time so that they look beautiful.
3. Natural stone looks no less attractive on the walls. Before proceeding with the cladding, you need to lay the stones on the floor - this will allow you to select them as accurately as possible by color and size. And after that you can transfer all the stones to the walls. In order to perform the masonry, you need to use heat-resistant mastics.
   
4. The most difficult option is with tiles. One feature of this design - it must be done in parallel with the laying of the furnace. The fact is that first you need to lay tiles, then bricks. . . , ( , ). , , . – 1,5 . .

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