Many owners of residential real estate are thinking about the need for its redevelopment. For this, internal partitions are very often demolished or transferred. It should be a good understanding of which walls can be demolished without permission, for which approval of state bodies is required, how to perform work without violation and negative consequences. Demolition of the supporting walls should be carried out only after the preparation of the appropriate project, which is agreed in the BTI. Once permission is obtained, work can be completed as planned.
What features do support walls have?
Support walls are the main elements of the house. Demolition of the load-bearing wall can lead to significant deformations of the structure, therefore illegal redevelopment is prohibited , the implementation of which can lead to significant fines and the need to eliminate all changes.
Supporting elements are created from the same material as other partitions, but at the same time they are strengthened and connected to other important parts of the house. They can be submitted:
- Hollow-core slabs made of reinforced concrete.
- Wooden structures used in private homes.
- Solid concrete slabs.
Before the demolition of any supporting partition, their importance for the whole house is revealed. For this purpose, the data contained in the technical plan of the structure are studied.
Dismantling work may consist in the implementation of various actions:
- Window clipping.
- Niche design.
- Installing a new door.
- Complete demolition of the wall.
If the process is performed incorrectly, this leads to the appearance of cracks on the facade of the building, the displacement of ceilings or the collapse of partitions.
How to define a support wall
Before starting any work, you should determine all the supporting structures in the apartment. To do this, we study the constructive plan of the building, where all the supporting walls are certainly indicated. Additionally contains information about what maximum loads can affect them.
If there is no opportunity to study the structural plan, then such walls are determined by the main parameters, which include the material of creation and thickness.
Is it allowed to dismantle load-bearing walls
Demolition of supporting walls is prohibited if floor slabs on the ceiling are supported on them, as this will lead to a weakening of the ceiling and a decrease in loads on the base of the house. Therefore, as a rule, permission is issued only for partial dismantling or opening of the opening.
Even with minor changes, it is necessary to correctly redistribute the load between the remaining structure and auxiliary parts.
How to get permission
Many people who wish to carry out a complex redevelopment think about whether permission is required to demolish a curtain wall or support partition. It must certainly be obtained, otherwise the process will be declared illegal.
The whole procedure for obtaining permission is divided into stages:
- Initially, you must contact the BTI to apply for a registration certificate for an apartment if it is not available from the owner of the property.
- A redevelopment project is being formed, involving the demolition of the supporting walls, and it is created only by the relevant design organizations.
- With this plan and other documents for the apartment you must apply for permits in the SES and the fire inspection, as well as in the BTI, the Ministry of Emergencies, the management company and the city architecture department.
- After completing the necessary documentation, you need to make a request to the administration of the region, where the appropriate permission is issued.
Demolition of walls in an apartment can be prohibited even with permits and a project, if this process can lead to the destruction of the house, affect the rights of neighbors or cause other negative consequences.
Wall dismantling process
This work should be carried out only by professionals with the obligatory control of permitting bodies. Demolition of supporting walls is carried out by sequential actions:
- Training. The procedure involves the removal of wires, the dismantling of pipes and other elements of communications. Sockets and switches are removed, and ceiling and floor skirtings are removed.
- Dismantling of plaster and putty. On each wall there are always layers of plaster of putty that need to be removed beforehand. To do this, work with a hammer or other suitable tools. During this work, a lot of dust occurs, so all objects in the premises are covered with a special film.
- Drawing a marking on a wall. If the dismantling work consists in creating a niche or opening, then, taking into account a previously made project, marking is applied to the wall. To obtain an even design, it is advisable to use a laser level.
- Direct dismantling of part or all of the wall. To do this, it can be cut out or knocked out, since the choice of method depends on what material the house is made of.
- The most optimal is the use of the diamond cutting method. This is due to the fact that there are no shocks and vibrations, often leading to cracking.
- They are installed in the openings of the fortification. They act as a replacement for the remote part of the wall.
If you correctly carry out the demolition of the supporting walls, then it is possible to carry out a high-quality redevelopment in the apartment. But the implementation of these works can only be started after permission has been obtained from the authorities in the region. After the redevelopment is completed, information on changes in the apartment design is entered into the technical plan, therefore, a corresponding application with drawings is submitted to the BTI.
What will happen if you do not get permission
If you carry out a complex redevelopment without obtaining permission, then this leads to significant negative consequences:
- A fine is imposed for the demolition of a curtain wall or supporting structure, and its size for individuals varies from 2 to 2.5 thousand rubles.
- Within six months, the homeowner must eliminate the changes made to the apartment.
- If it is discovered that the owner has not performed the necessary actions, then he must pay an additional fine.
- If there are no reactions to these penalties at all, then the apartment can be seized and sold at auction.
Difficulties arise when selling an apartment with illegal redevelopment, as the information in the data sheet will be false.
Conclusion
Thus, the demolition of partitions, which are bearing, should be carried out with prior permission. The procedure must be implemented exclusively by professionals and in accordance with a pre-compiled project. Violation of these requirements leads to the prosecution of the owner of the premises. In the absence of a reaction to fines, he may completely lose his apartment.