In the European part of Russia, quite a few landowner estates have been preserved. One of these is the Altufevo estate. Photos of this beautifully preserved complex can be found in our article. We suggest that you take a distance walk through the estate.
Manor estates - a highlight of Russia
The interest of foreign tourists in Russia is unusually great. But what to show them in the first place? Where to story than surprise? Manor estates should be a must in this excursion program. After all, this is precisely the highlight that can advantageously represent the country in the international tourism market.
Within the European part of Russia, dozens of estates dating from different centuries have survived. But all of them, without a doubt, are very valuable. At the same time, old manors are not only interesting recreational and tourist sites. They are also of great importance for the study of our past.
The very word "homestead" comes from the verb "plant" or "plant."
This article will focus on one of these objects. This is the Altufevo estate, an excursion into which will not be a problem for residents of the Russian capital.
Origin of the name of the estate
The name of an object or area is as important as the name for a person. It is known that the Altufevo estate was originally called Oltufevo. Based on this, the origin of the estate can be associated with the noble family of the Oltufievs, who once lived in Moscow. However, written evidence of this has not been preserved.
Over time, the name of the estate transformed a little. In particular, the first letter of the toponym changed to the letter "A", which was more common for Moscow pronunciation.
In some sources, you can also find the name Alsufevo. But where it came from is not known. It is possible that this toponym was the result of a banal clerical typo committed by an inattentive clerk.
Manor in Altufevo (Moscow): architectural complex
The complex of buildings of this estate is spread over an area of ten hectares. It includes the following structures and buildings:
- Lord's house (1760).
- Holy Cross Exaltation Church (1763).
- The stable of the estate (mid-19th century).
- Brewery (end of the 18th century).
- Outhouse with cellars.
- Artificial pond.
Manor Altufevo: how to get there?
The estate is located on the northern tip of the capital, near the Moscow Ring Road. An old estate of the XVIII century is safely hidden from the eyes of drivers passing through the ring. However, finding a manor on a map of Moscow is not so difficult. After all, she gave the name to a number of metropolitan objects: a highway, a pond, a metro station and a whole housing estate.
Where is the Altufevo estate located? What is the easiest way to get to it?
The architectural complex is located near the intersection of Moscow Ring Road and Altufevskoe highway, on the banks of a small pond. Legal address of the estate: Altufevskoe highway, possessions 147-149.
The easiest way to get to the metro station is "Altufevo", and then go a bit along the Altufevskoe highway in a northerly direction.
The history of the estate
The first written mention of this area dates back to 1585. Then the land here was owned by a certain Uncertain Myakishev. He had a small wooden compound here, which soon burned down.
In 1786, the estate was acquired by Prince Stepan Kurakin, who began to actively equip it. Unfortunately, of those stone buildings, only the brewery has survived. But the central building of the estate, which can be seen today, was already built under the new owner - Altufiev.
In the middle of the XIX century, the estate passed to the civilian adviser Zherebtsov. He rebuilt the main house of the estate in the old Russian style. In addition, the Altufevo estate with him acquired a beautiful garden with greenhouses. Stallions also dug in the territory of two ponds. One of them (upstream) has survived to the present day.
The Altufevo estate has changed its owners more than once. So, later its owner was George Lianozov, who founded a holiday village nearby. Unfortunately, only one of those old dachas has survived - today it houses the art museum of K. Vasiliev.
After the revolution of 1917, the Altufevo estate became a hospital, and the local church was closed. In the early 1990s, the church was restored, but its original appearance was lost. Nevertheless, the manor church of the Exaltation of the Cross in Altufevo continues to adorn the coat of arms of the Lianozovo region.
Lord's house and its architecture
The main and perhaps the most interesting building on the estate in Altufevo is the so-called Lord's House. The construction surprisingly combines elements of both stone old Russian and traditional wooden architecture.
The history of the Lord’s house is extremely poorly studied. Local historians suggest that it was built in 1851 under N. A. Zherebtsov. However, the foundation and basement of the building clearly have a more respectable age. Most likely, the core of the structure was laid back in 1760.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Lord’s House was slightly rebuilt to the Unkovskaya boarding house. Then a one-story outbuilding was attached to its main volume. At the same time, the building was decorated with an elegant belvedere (it has not been preserved to this day).
A brewery has been preserved near the Lord’s House - the oldest of all the buildings of the estate, which survived to this day without significant changes (built at the end of the XVIII century). Almost next to the Moscow Ring Road there is another building - a stable. However, historians cannot determine its exact age.
Holy Cross Exaltation Church
The real decoration of the Altufevo estate is the temple of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross. On the shore of the pond, he looks unusually beautiful and solemn. The temple was built in the years 1760-1763 in the Baroque style. And the first church that stood on this site has been known since 1564. True, it was wooden.
At the end of the XVIII century the temple was rebuilt into a stone. Its main dome, as well as the interior, dates back to the 19th century. According to written documents, the church was badly damaged during the Patriotic War of 1812.
In the mid-90s the Holy Cross Exaltation Church in Altufevo was significantly rebuilt. Experts are sure that this reconstruction significantly reduced the historical and architectural value of this building.
The architecture of the temple, in general, is typical of the so-called Moscow Baroque style. The building is cross-shaped in plan and single-domed (dome diameter - 12 meters). The church has apses on three sides. In the 90s, the area of the temple almost doubled, due to the construction of a new refectory. She not only distorted the initial appearance of the building, but also closed the Lord’s house - the central building of the estate.
Holy Cross Church is surrounded (from the side of the pond) by a fence with two towers at the corners and a beautiful entrance gate in the center.
Finally...
In the north of Moscow, near the Moscow Ring Road, the unique Altufevo estate complex has been preserved. The first mention of this estate dates back to 1585. Today Altufevo estate is one of the most valuable historical and architectural monuments of the capital.