Phosphate rock is universally cultivated in the ground before planting. The effectiveness of its action is noted on acidic soils, because the composition of the earth affects the decomposition of phosphorus to a state that plants quickly absorb. This is a suitable bait for any sowing crop, without exception.
Phosphorite flour comes to the consumer in the form of a powder of brown or grayish color, it has no smell, it is practically insoluble in water. The advantages of this tool include the fact that it has a long period of effective action. It is used as the main fertilizer for plowing and for the preparation of composts based on peat and manure. Since phosphates are slightly soluble in water, the fertilizer is absorbed by plants only in acidic soil. In such a land, phosphate rock (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 formula) is converted to dihydrogen phosphate.
Production
Phosphorites, which are the basis of fertilizer, occur in layers in the ground. They are mined together with clay, sand and other rocks. Often, in addition to phosphorites, calcites, apatites and silica are found. In this case, their production goes in parallel, and processing plants are located near the places of production.
Fertilizer is obtained by the method of purifying phosphorites from sand and clay, followed by crushing into pieces and grinding. So phosphorite flour is made. The composition of the fertilizer includes quartz, calcium, gypsum and siderite.
Fertilizer is well fixed by the earth and remains where it is added. And this means that during irrigation the product does not penetrate deep into and is not washed out of the soil. Prior to sowing, phosphorite flour is introduced deep into moist soil, to the root system of plants. This is due to the inactivity of phosphorus: the closer it gets to the roots, the more effective its action.
During the shallow spread of fertilizer, part of it remains on the surface, dries quickly, which leads to the death of the roots. Therefore, surface feeding without deep incorporation is ineffective. The higher the grinding of flour, the better is the decomposition of phosphorus under the influence of soil acid and is more easily absorbed by plants.
Phosphorus is one of the main trace elements necessary for root formation, plant growth and seed ripening. It controls metabolic processes and supplies the necessary energy, being an important source of nutrition. Some landings require significant amounts of phosphorus, others less. But one thing is clear: without this element, plant life ceases.
Important: phosphorite flour introduced into the ground in excess will not cause any harm, fertilizer is absorbed in the required volumes and helps to weaken the harmful effects of acid soils. Fertilizer demonstrated its positive effect due to the use on sod-podzolic soil, marshy and alkaline chernozems.
Lack of phosphorus affects plants not in the best way. Their growth slows down, the roots are weakly formed.
Signs of phosphorus deficiency
If you know the signs of deficiency of any nutrients, you can quickly add them. Phosphorus deficiency in the earth is manifested in the following:
- Plants change their color to dark green or purple.
- The appearance of the leaves changes, they fall prematurely.
- The lower sheets are covered with dark spots.
- The plant does not grow and begins to grow.
- The rhizome is so weakly formed that the plant falls out of the soil.
Causes of phosphorus starvation in plants
These symptoms are easily eliminated if phosphoric flour is added on time. The causes of phosphorus deficiency include:
- Transition of phosphorus into digestible forms.
- Incorrect fertilizer addition.
- Depletion of soil as a result of active use of land.
- Removal of phosphorus with the crop without its subsequent addition.
- The soil is cultivated inorganic.
Positive features
- The addition of phosphorus increases the yield.
- It develops resistance to disease.
- Significantly increases the% sugar content in root crops.
- Saturates the plant with essential trace elements.
- Reduces crop ripening.
- Promotes resistance to frost, drought or humidity.
- Reduces leaching of beneficial elements from the soil.
Phosphorite flour, the properties of which were considered above, does not absorb moisture. During prolonged storage, it does not lose its characteristics: it does not dissolve in water, does not emit toxins, is not explosive, but very dusty.
Phosphate fertilizer categories
Phosphate fertilizers behave differently with water, therefore they are divided into:
- Fertilizers are highly soluble. Relate to universal top dressing, and it is recommended to bring them into acidic and alkaline soil.
- Fertilizers are hardly soluble. These include phosphoric and bone meal, are used on acidic and gray-forest soil. Plants can receive phosphorus after exposure to soil acidity or the acid secreted by the roots.
Phosphorite flour is spread evenly on the soil surface and then dug up, based on the calculation of 30 kg per hundred square meters of land. This is best done in the spring, before sowing. Add flour and slaked lime at the same time is not recommended.
Shredded phosmuk, falling into the ground, is easily absorbed by plants. The better it is mixed with soil, the greater the effect of its use.
It is environmentally friendly phosphorite flour. Its use does not lead to contamination with toxins of the soil and water bodies. It does not upset the ecological balance, and this is its important advantage over water-soluble fertilizers.
Bone flour
When extracting phosphorus from organic compounds of biological origin, bone meal is obtained . Made from recycled cattle bones, this fertilizer is actively used for all cultural plantings. Besides phosphorus, bone meal is also a source of nitrogen and calcium and is ideal for feeding root crops such as potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers.
To maintain and grow domestic flowers, bone meal is used more often than expensive phosphate top dressing. Its beneficial effect on large plants growing in a tub is especially noted. It is worth considering that compost, peat or manure is introduced in kilograms, bone meal must be calculated in grams or spoons.
Grass Fertilizer
Nature itself enables gardeners to prepare phosphate fertilizer from weeds. As a basis, those herbs that contain a lot of nitrogen are taken. Adding such plants will only improve and enrich compost. The following plants belong to natural phosphorus fertilizers : rowan fruits, hawthorn, wormwood, thyme and feather grass. When using these herbs, you can get nutritious compost without adding chemical fertilizers.
Security measures
Phosphorite flour has low toxicity, has 4 hazard class. But when working with her, it is necessary to wear a respirator and a protective suit in order to exclude the ingress of flour into the respiratory tract. If she did get into the nose and eyes, they must be washed with water and leave the treated area.
Phosphorus enriched soil is the exception rather than reality. But thanks to the systematic addition of fertilizers, the amount of phosphorus required for normal growth and maturation of plants accumulates. Therefore, to make it annually is not required, once every three to four years. Timely top dressing will help to harvest a crop worthy of their own labors.