The steam boiler DKVR 4-13, the device of which is discussed below, is a vertical water tube design with a furnace screen and a boiling unit. The system itself is equipped according to the type of design scheme shown in the main photo. A feature of this configuration is the lateral placement of the convection unit of the device relative to the furnace compartment. The unit includes the unit itself, work platforms and stairs, burners, economizer, fan, smoke exhaust device, water-indicating sensors, fittings.
Device
The steam installation under consideration consists of two main ones - the lower and upper drums, as well as the screen-type furnace compartment. The furnace is divided by a brick partition into two chambers (the working part and the residual element). This design allows you to increase the efficiency of the steam boiler DKVR 4-13 by reducing the chemical underburning. Gases from the combustion chamber to the working compartment are supplied at the inlet and outlet in an asymmetric manner.
In versions with steam superheaters, the last elements are installed in the first gas duct on the left side of the boiler. The sides of the upper drum receive cooling from the stream of steam-water composition supplied from the pipes of the front compartment of the convection unit and side screens.
Additional details
The device of the boiler 4-13 includes safety valves, a main steam valve, a valve, valves for sampling the mixture and taking it for own blowing needs. These elements are located on the upper main surface of the drum.
The feed pipe is located in the water space of the elongated tank, and separation mechanisms are located in the steam compartment. In the lower main unit there is a fitting for draining water, a perforated tube for purging the system. Liquid level monitoring is carried out through a pair of pointers. On the front bottom of the upper drum, two nozzles are provided, which serve to select pulses of the amount of water.
Partitions and pipes
Lowering and steam discharge pipes DKVR 4-13 are connected to the collectors and drum fittings by welding. To exclude the ingress of sludge into them when feeding the screens, the ends of the elements are displayed in the upper compartment of the drum.
A chamotte partition separates the chamber of the afterburning system from the beam, which rests on a cast-iron support mounted on the lower drum. The wall between the first and second duct is assembled using bolts from individual plates. First you need to grease the joints with a special putty or lay an asbestos cord impregnated with liquid glass. A hole is provided in the partition for laying the nozzle of the stationary-type blowing mechanism. The gas vent is located on the rear wall. The heavy-walled boiler DKVR 4-13 is equipped with a light tying frame. On devices with a design pressure of 1.3 MPa, the superheated steam temperature parameter is not adjusted.
Work sites
These elements are located in places used to service the headset and fittings of the unit. Among them:
- Lateral platform for checking water indicating devices.
- A similar surface for servicing shut-off valves and safety valves of the drum.
- The platform on the back is used to access the upper drum of the boiler DKVR 4-13 during repair.
Stairs lead to the sidewalls and a vertical gangway to the rear pedestal.
Other equipment
The DKVR 4-13 unit is equipped with a desuperheater located in the lower drum. It has a drain valve on the steam wiring. The amount of incoming mixture is controlled by a jumper. A special valve is placed between the return and direct elements.
Access to the furnace compartment is provided by a manhole. Shurovye hatches are provided for skimming the fuel of nearby sidewalls, depending on the configuration of the device. A pair of such elements is mounted on the side walls at the bottom of the afterburner. On the sides of the boilers there are also windows for cleaning convective pipelines by blowing.
Control and adjusting devices
Monitoring the condition of the lower part of the insulation of the upper drum in the combustion chamber is carried out through the hatch at the point of discharge of the tubes of the side screen, from the bottom of the duct on the left side of the unit.
In the lower part from the same end of the boiler 4-13, the characteristics of which we will consider below, manholes are installed that serve as windows for regular ash removal, inspection of the working unit and return ablation ejectors. Through similar hatches, the insulation status of the upper drum element is monitored.
The transfer of the structure to the water-heating mode makes it possible to increase the productivity of the plants, reduce the costs of their own needs associated with the use of heat exchangers, feed pumps, continuous-type blowers. In addition, the cost of water treatment is reduced, fuel is saved.
As the technical characteristics of DKVR 4-13 show, the average operational efficiency of water-heating units is increased by 2.5 percent.
Picking and delivery
The units under consideration are equipped with fans and exhaust fans of the VDN and DN type. The package also includes block water treatment devices, filter elements for softening and clarifying water (FOF and FiPA). In addition, the design is equipped with thermal deaerators, heat exchangers, pumps, automation kits.
It is delivered by DKVR 4-13 in bulk, in block parts or in a fully assembled state. Valves and some individual components are presented separately. This is due to the impossibility of transporting them fully assembled.
Technical characteristics of the boiler DKVR 4-13
The main installation options are listed below:
- Type of equipment - steam boiler.
- Design fuel configuration - liquid fuel, gas.
- Steam production rate - 4 t / h.
- The working pressure of the thermal carrier at the outlet is 1.3 MPa.
- The temperature of the steam / feed water is 194/100 ° C.
- The design efficiency for gas / liquid is 88/85%.
- Fuel consumption (gas / liquid equivalent) - 297/281 kg / h.
- Overall dimensions of the transportable block - 5.51 / 2.1 / 3.98 m.
- Similar layout indicators - 7.2 / 4.59 / 5.01 m.
- The weight of the installation without a furnace in the factory version is 9.2 tons.
Design features
According to the characteristics of the boiler DKVR 4-13, it uses a single-stage evaporation system. The tubes of the side screens by rolling are fixed on one side in the upper drum, and welded to the lower chambers at the other ends.
Longitudinally placed drums aggregate among themselves through bent boiling elements forming a developed convective bundle. The furnace compartment is separated by a chamotte partition, located in front of the convection unit. The first row of pipes is the rear screen of the afterburner compartment. If there are superheaters that are installed in the first duct after the 2-3rd row of boiling pipes, some elements of the convective bundle are not mounted.
The working fluid flows simultaneously into the pipes of the side screens, increasing the reliability of the unit and reducing the water level, as well as sludge deposits in the upper drum.
Separation device boilers DKVR consists of a box with a hole sheet. It serves as a device for maintaining the salinity of the working fluid in the range of 3000 mg / l, unless increased requirements are imposed on the steam.
Exploitation
At the DKVR boiler, the locks of the manholes of the drums are on the rear bottoms. The average liquid level is distributed on the axis of the element. To observe this indicator, serves a pair of pointing devices on the upper drum.
The superheater elements located in the first downstream gas outlet are unified along the profile for installations with the same pressure parameter and differ with their analogues in the number of parallel coils. Combustion of fuel is provided by special gas-oil burners (GM).
The presence in the design of remote cyclones requires compliance with certain measures to equip the site associated with improving the reliability of equipment operation:
- Each cyclone device must be equipped with a separate supply point from one of the drums.
- To ensure constant control over the norms of the working fluid in the first and second stages of evaporation, two refrigerators must be mounted on each boiler. Their purpose is sampling of feedwater. Moreover, they can serve several boilers.
- In the inner part of the cyclone, a hole sheet is installed at the top and a rib to the bottom to prevent the formation of a funnel
- The installation under consideration has a supporting frame and a welded-type strapping frame; therefore, heavy lining is performed during installation work.
DKVR 4-13: instructions for maintenance, inclusion and emergency shutdown
Below are the main excerpts for the operation of the boiler in question.
Turning on the equipment:
- Before activating the boiler, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the pressure gauge and safety valve (for this, the forced opening method is used). They also examine water-indicating mechanisms, automation, adjusting devices, the results are recorded in a special journal.
- Purge the lower compartments of the boiler.
- The basic procedure for turning on the installation should be carried out after sufficient heating and purging of the steam line. At this stage, the health of the main elements, compensators, suspensions and supports should be monitored. If water hammer is observed , start should be stopped until the cause is identified and eliminated.
- Activation of the boiler is allowed at an operating pressure of or less than 0.5 atmosphere.
- The time for kindling and switching on is entered in the logbook.
Exploitation:
- Monitoring the normal operation of the unit, troubleshooting, calling service teams in the event of a serious breakdown.
- Particular attention is paid to the indicators of pressure gauges, the operation of the burners and the level of the working fluid.
- On a gas installation, the gas supply is first added, and then air (if pressure adjustment is required).
- All components and parts must be checked according to the established deadlines.
Emergency turn-off:
- The gas and air supply stops, the purge device opens.
- Observing the water level, close the main steam valve.
- Make a record of the time and reason for stopping the boiler, report this to the management.
- In case of fire, you must call the appropriate service, take all measures to localize the source of ignition.