Stepan Zlobin is a famous Soviet writer, laureate of the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree and the Stalin Prize of the first degree. Mainly specialized in historical prose. Among his most famous works are the novels "Stepan Razin", "Salavat Yulaev", "Buyan Island".
Writer Biography
Stepan Zlobin was born in Moscow. He was born in 1903. His father Pavel Vladimirovich was a revolutionary, and his mother Lidia Nikolaevna Dobrova-Yadrintseva an ethnographer and historian. Both participated in the struggle against the tsarist regime on the side of the socialists.
Little Stepan Zlobin was raised by her grandmother, as her parents were in prison, and then were sent to exile. At age 12, he went to his father in Ufa, where they were caught by the First World War. Pavel Vladimirovich had to go to the front, and Stepan - to return to his grandmother in Ryazan.
Already in the fourth grade, the hero of the article got acquainted with illegal literature, decided to become a Red Guard. Serious changes are taking place in the biography of Stepan Zlobin: he is accepted into the squad of sailors of the Baltic.
Education
Under the pseudonym Argus, Stepan Zlobin begins to publish poetry in provincial newspapers, at the same time mastering painting in the studio of the painter Philip Malyavin, and then enters the theater studio. When the Social Revolutionaries were defeated by the Bolsheviks, he ended up in Butyrka prison, where he contracted typhus.
After the conclusion, he was taken on bail by his father, who began to nursing Stepan. In 1920, he entered the position of statistician, and then transferred to work at the grocery warehouse. At the same time, he continues to raise his education, decides to finish his studies at the industrial and economic college, which he abandoned due to tuberculosis.
In 1921, Stepan Pavlovich Zlobin entered the Bryusov Literary and Art Institute, deciding to connect his fate with literature. There he is fond of the psychology of creativity, linguistics.
However, in 1924 he again ended up in Butyrka Prison, and spent two months in solitary confinement.
Labor activity
Having freed himself, he ends up in high school and goes to Ufa to teach Russian language and literature in first-level schools. The writerās tuberculosis again worsened, forcing him to abandon teaching.
He has to start working in a calmer position as a statistician at the State Planning Commission in Ufa. He also takes part in expeditions to remote areas of Bashkiria, in which he studies the local language, writes folk tales and proverbs, in the future he came in handy when working on the novel "Salavat Yulaev."
Creative debut
Truly Zlobin made his debut in literature in 1924, writing a children's story in poetry. By 1927, Stepan Zlobin was finishing his first book - this is the novel "Roads", which tells about the events in the Southern Urals from the end of the 19th century to the modern era.
However, it is not possible to print it, the work is returned from the set due to the tightened literary policy in the country.
"Salavat Yulaev"
Real success for the hero of the article comes in 1929, when he publishes his large-scale historical novel. āSalavat Yulaevā Stepan Zlobin was ambiguously criticized. On the one hand, the publishing house "Young Guard" rejected him because of the negative image of the Komsomol movement. But this did not stop Zlobin from printing the book with a circulation of one and a half million copies.
He returned to the history of peasant uprisings Zlobin in the 30s. At this time, he worked as an editor of children's broadcasting on the radio, in the late 30s he headed the section of historical literature of the Writers' Union.
In 1940, Zlobin with his wife Galina Spevak reworked the novel into a script for the eponymous biographical drama of Yakov Protazanov. It tells about the national Bashkir hero, who leads among the Bashkirs a peasant uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev.
During World War II
Just a few days before the start of World War II, Zlobin graduated from courses for writers who organize at the Lenin Military-Political Academy, so he goes to the so-called writer company of the Moscow Peopleās Militia. This unit is part of the Red Army, which mainly turned out to be professional writers. Most of them died in October 1941 during the Battle of Moscow.
Zlobin escaped this fate, therefore, after the Germans retreated from the capital, he was distributed in a divisional newspaper. Surrounded by Vyazma in the Smolensk region he was shell-shocked, was captured with a leg wound. Once in the Minsk infirmary, he was appointed a sanitary instructor in a barracks for typhus.
Until the spring of 1942, Zlobin is preparing an escape, which literally at the last moment breaks down due to betrayal. The Germans in shackles bring him to the Zeithein camp on the Elbe. Here he remains until October 1944, leading the underground. During the revelation, he leaves for the stage in a Polish camp along with seriously ill patients. The remaining time until release is spent in the Lodz region. Together with other prisoners of the concentration camp, he was released only in January 1945.
After the war
Returning from the war, Zlobin writes one of his most creepy novels called The Risen Dead, in which he describes the years spent in captivity. However, the book cannot be printed; in 1946, censorship decided to remove it.
Then in 1948 he wrote the historical novel "Buyan Island", dedicated to the uprising of the oppressed population of Pskov, which suffers from dominance under the feudal system. The events of this work unfold in the middle of the XVII century.
"Stepan Razin"
In 1951, one of the most famous novels of the hero of our article, Stepan Razin, was published. Stepan Zlobin for several years creates an entire epic, which, according to the memoirs of the author himself and his contemporaries, made a great impression on the Secretary General Joseph Stalin. In 1952, the writer was awarded the Stalin Prize of the first degree, although not everyone in the Soviet leadership agreed with this. For example, Georgy Malenkov, already influential at that time, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, persistently recalled the fact that Zlobin spent several years in fascist captivity, and therefore cannot be considered politically trustworthy, worthy of such a high award.
The epic of one of the main masters of historical prose in Soviet literature consists of two volumes. In them, the author clearly recreates the biography and struggle of Stepan Razin, who raised a peasant uprising in the second half of the 17th century. This event left a bright mark in the history of Russia, becoming one of the largest uprisings against the current government. In popular memory, Razin remained a courageous hero and leader of the oppressed, who met his death with his head held high, convinced of his rightness, that truth would triumph. At least, it is precisely this image in his novel that Zlobin draws. Of particular importance is the interaction between the leader and the masses, the complete dependence of the leader on the people, in which his significance and importance do not decrease at all.
In 1952, Zlobin decided to explain to the readers the purpose of his work, for which he published the article "Happiness to create for the people" in the journal "Change". In it, he emphasizes that he strove to create a different image of Razin: not a robber, like bourgeois writers, but a people's leader who absorbed strength and wisdom, believes in his people and loves his homeland.
In order for Razinās image to fit into this concept, he has to rethink some facts of his biography, and some to completely reject, he is quite free to use documents, allowing freedom of fiction.
In 1962, Stepan Zlobinās autobiographical novel Missing People appeared in print. This work becomes important for the rehabilitation of all Soviet prisoners of war. The novel is dedicated to the struggle of Soviet soldiers who were captured by the Nazis. The author visually recreates the details of his biography, drawing the face of courageous Soviet patriots in Nazi concentration camps. His characters steadfastly endure conditions in captivity, find strength for resistance, the organization of the anti-fascist underground. Regularly organize shoots, the destruction of traitors, prepare for armed rebellion. The novel was first published in the publishing house "Soviet Writer".
The novel "Morning of the Century" by Zlobin, dedicated to events on the eve of the 1905 revolution, remained incomplete. The hero of the article died in the fall of 1965 at the age of 61. His health was undermined by his captivity. He was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.
Personal life
In total there were two families with Stepan Pavlovich Zlobin. His first wife was Ganna Samoilovna Spevak. In 1930, their son Nal was born, who became a culturologist and philosopher, was considered a major specialist in the field of social philosophy. He is a graduate of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow State University, who then worked as a teacher, journalist, editor of the Nauka publishing house. In 1984 he defended his doctoral dissertation on culture and social progress. His wife is Irina Zhigunova. Stepan Zlobinās son died in 1998 after a long illness at the age of 67.
The second wife of the hero of the article is Victoria Zlobina. Little is known about her biography.