In everyday life and industry today, various kinds of pumps are quite widely used. The classification of pumps, their characteristics and methods of use will be presented in our article. This will allow you to understand which model is best to give preference, as well as what features they possess.
General description of the pump
The named equipment is a hydraulic machine that converts muscular (this applies to hand-held devices) or mechanical energy of a drive motor into the energy of a fluid flow or other medium. The pressure difference of the liquid at the outlet causes the forced movement of water.
Functional classification
Pumps can differ in the nature of the forces that prevail inside. If we are talking about volumetric devices, then dynamic and pressure forces are leading in them.
Such units can be classified by the nature of the connection of the output and input to the working chamber. Volumetric pumps are distinguished by a periodic connection, while dynamic pumps are characterized by a constant connection of the output and input.
Volumetric pumps are used for pumping viscous liquids. This equipment is high pressure and quite sensitive to contaminated liquids. His work process is unbalanced, since the vibration is high enough. For this reason, they need to equip a massive foundation. Such equipment is characterized by uneven flow, but there is a slight advantage, which is expressed in the ability to self-priming.
Characteristics of the metering pump
On sale you can find metering pumps (classification of pumps of this type is presented in the article). This equipment is used to accurately dispense a specific volume of product. That is why these units can be used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, chemical and other industries.
When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the accuracy of the dose, its volume, as well as the required filling rate. By type, such pumps are divided as follows:
- peristaltic (they can be tubular or hose);
- plunger;
- diaphragm.
Varieties and characteristics of volumetric pumps
Classification of volumetric pumps provides for the presence in the line of impeller, vane, as well as screw, piston, diaphragm and peristaltic devices. The basis of their work is the variable filling of the working chamber with liquid and its displacement from the compartment.
Impeller pumps can be operated in the form of dispensers, they can have food, acid-alkali-resistant and oil-resistant design. Plate equipment guarantees a quiet and uniform suction, which is why such devices can be used as dispensers.
Upon request, you can purchase adjustable and unregulated units. The regulating mechanism uses mechanical and hydraulic pistons. If you decide to consider volumetric pumps - types, the classification of such equipment should interest you.
Among others, screw units can be distinguished, which guarantee a smooth product flow at the outlet. If you need to create high pressure, you can use piston devices, however, they have one drawback, which is expressed in sensitivity to abrasive fluids. Low pressure can be created using peristaltic aggregates with chemical inertness.
Volumetric Pump Reviews
Quite often, volume pumps are used to solve various problems. The classification of pumps of this type has already been presented previously, however, the characteristics of this equipment should be of interest to the consumer. Among them, cyclicality and tightness can be distinguished.
As practice shows, in the process of cyclic devices pulsating and portioned supply fluid. Consumers note the tightness of volumetric devices, which are characterized by a constant separation of the suction hydraulic line from the pressure line.
If we compare with blade units, they do not have a tightness and are durable. Users note their ability to self-priming, this indicates that a vacuum is created inside that is sufficient to raise the fluid to the level of the equipment. When compared with blade units, this quality is a major advantage.
Varieties of Fire Pumps
The classification of fire pumps provides for the presence of a certain pressure in the equipment line:
- Normal. At the output, it reaches 2.0 MPa.
- High. It creates an output pressure higher than this parameter, it reaches 5.0 MPa.
- Combined. It consists of series-connected high and normal pressure pumps, which share a common drive.
For the reason that such units are not self-priming, they must be filled before starting work. If the power comes from the car’s tank, it is possible to fill the equipment by opening the shutoff valves. The creation of a vacuum is not required, since the liquid level in the tank is higher compared to what is maintained in the pump. If you have to work with the device, having powered it from an open reservoir, then you need to make the initial filling. To do this, the vacuum apparatus must be connected.
In order to ensure the normal operation of the equipment, it is necessary to guarantee the tightness of internal cavities. In use, the pump must be checked for leaks using vacuum.
Varieties of piston pumps
If you consider the classification of piston pumps, then you can understand that they are divided by type of drive. For periodic pumping of water, cement mortars, oil products and acids, pumps with a manual drive are used.
Direct-acting equipment is used for pumping steam, water, oil or air. At the same time, its piston makes up a single unit with the engine piston.
There are drive piston pumps, which may have a crank mechanism. Axes inside the device can be located vertically and horizontally.
Depending on the type of piston, devices are classified as plunger or piston. The apparatus can operate on the basis of several cylinders - from 1 to 3. Uniform injection of the medium is ensured by the fact that the cross-sectional area of one part of the plunger is 2 times larger than the other. In the process of moving this element, half of the working fluid is in the pressure pipe, and the rest is in the right chamber with a smaller plunger diameter.
Types of Hydraulic Pumps
Hydraulic pumps, the classification of which is presented in the article, are used most often. They can be divided according to the type of displacing elements. For example, axial piston, manual and radial piston pumps use a piston. Screw and gear use gear, and as for the vane pump, it uses the element of the same name.
Choosing such devices, it is necessary to pay attention to some factors that are inherent in individual types of pumps. So, as the main selection criteria, we can distinguish:
- speed range;
- dimensions;
- cost;
- operating pressure range;
- viscosity range of the working medium;
- design availability for maintenance.
Purpose of hydraulic pumps
The purpose of the pumps, the classification and characteristics of which are described in the article, can determine the scope of their use. A certain type of equipment can be chosen to solve certain problems. For example, modern models of hydraulic pumps are used in the gas, oil refining industry, in automobile and railway transport, in the mechanisms of truck cranes, in the field of wood processing industry. Without them, construction work is not complete.
Compactness is a distinctive feature of such devices, however, these units are capable of performing a rather wide range of functions and have high operational characteristics.
The hydraulic pump is the most important part of the hydraulic system, since it is it that affects the operability of the mechanism. Considering hydraulic pumps (types, classification of this equipment were presented above), you can also pay attention to the fact that they are indispensable in special purpose machines, where they guarantee uninterrupted operation of the engine. They are used as a drive for several mechanisms.
Hydraulic Pump Service Reviews
Before purchasing the appropriate equipment, it is imperative to inquire about the purpose of the hydraulic pumps.
The classification of pumps of this type has already been presented by us. And if you intend to operate such units, it is important to learn about their maintenance.
According to users, melon hydraulic devices are not only important for the system in which they are used, but also very complex in terms of design. Maintenance and repair is not recommended at home. An error can cost the health of the system of which the equipment is a part. Buyers claim that special repairs are necessary for their repairs, which, unfortunately, cannot always be created in workshops.