The engineering support of a country house cannot do without a system for removing wastewater and household waste. For this, drainage systems, septic tanks and sewer networks are used. The tasks of such systems are slightly different, therefore, the choice of a particular technology should be approached on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the needs of a particular farm. If the task is to maximize the autonomy of the system, then the optimal solution would be a biological wastewater treatment plant, which is also the most expensive and difficult to install, but it makes communication service at home easier.
Cleaning System Components
The basis of the complex is formed by a reservoir in which effluents accumulate. Actually, it is a septic tank that implements biological and filtration processes. This can be a metal, concrete or plastic tank, to which the contours of the direction of drains are brought. The waste feed network is also an essential part of the system. It is a line of pipelines connected directly to the points of collection of effluents or other waste. Pipes are usually made of plastic and laid like drainage systems. That is, the circuit passes underground with mounds of sand and gravel. At the same time, the biological wastewater treatment plant for domestic wastewater provides for connection to drainage channels. For comparison, the simplest septic tanks without deep cleaning act only as temporary sedimentation tanks, which are periodically emptied by sewage trucks. But the multilevel cleaning stations are good because they do not require service by special services and give completely safe water at the exit, which can be sent directly to the soil.
Principle of operation
The work of the whole complex begins with the points of collection of sewage or household waste. These can be storm trays, gutters, pipes for home sewage, etc. From them, as already mentioned, the sewage flows through the pipeline into the septic tank. Next, the main process of processing the incoming material is performed. The tank itself contains the so-called bioreactors - these are substances and bacteria that contribute to the biochemical destruction of unwanted microorganisms. Moreover, the specific processing method depends on the type of biological wastewater treatment plant. The principle of operation of aeration models, for example, is based on a fine bubble air supply. In this case, wastewater oxidation processes occur, as a result of which the liquid acquires environmentally acceptable characteristics.
After passing the basic biological treatment stage , the water is filtered from mechanical impurities and sent to the sump chamber. Depending on the technology, the liquid may be kept in this compartment for a while, or immediately sent to the central sewer or local drainage zone. It is also worth noting that particles retained by the filters enter a separate chamber. This material can subsequently be used as compost or fertilizer.
Station "Sparta"
Under the brand "Sparta" in the domestic market is a temporary cleaning station. This means that the tank can be operated not all year round, but seasonally. For example, if you plan to live in a summer house only in the summer, then this option will be the best. By the way, conventional stations do not provide such an opportunity, since a long stay without the arrival of effluents requires special conservation of equipment. The Sparta biological wastewater treatment plant is distinguished by its unique soundproofing system. The construction is completely airtight, so the processing process in the next house will not be heard. The housing is provided with lugs, as well as stiffeners - external and internal. This design solution eliminates the need for pre-installation of a concrete cup for the tank.
Model "Tank"
In this case, a septic tank is considered, made of high-strength plastic with a thickness of 15 cm. As the manufacturer notes, the design can serve about 50 years, provided that the operating rules are properly observed. The septic tank carries out multi-stage cleaning with decomposition and sedimentation processes. In addition, it is also possible to evenly distribute already treated effluents over a dirt site. For this, an infiltrator is designed that connects the septic tank and soil. This biological wastewater treatment plant also does not require prior concreting of the installation platform. The shape of the tank allows installation without special fasteners.
Topaz Model
This is one of the most famous septic line in Russia. For servicing private households, it is recommended to purchase modifications with electrical supply. On the one hand, this makes the station dependent, and on the other, it allows cleaning processes to be carried out until the sewage is ready for discharge to the ground with high productivity. As for the treatment itself, the Topaz biological wastewater treatment plant implements three main technological stages: elimination of mechanical substances, decomposition and lowering of mineralization level. According to the manufacturer, the purification system produces 98 percent water treatment, which can then be used for irrigation.
Model "Triton-T"
This station also has several processing chambers that implement initial filtration from mechanical suspensions and deep cleaning through active biological components. The family is presented in several modifications with a volume of 2 to 40 m 3 . Moreover, each complex can be used in different operating modes. Both continuous processing of incoming wastes and seasonal are foreseen. It is important to note that the technology of the Triton-T biological wastewater treatment plant is based on the anaerobic microbiological decomposition process. Therefore, the precipitate formed in the waste collection chamber is also waterproofed, which increases its environmental quality. The purified water can be discharged either to a specially prepared absorbent zone, or sent to the sewer line.
Model "Astra"
This septic tank is manufactured by Unilos, offering a combination of mechanical and biological treatment. The features of the installation include the possibility of supplementing with auxiliary functional components. At the stage of purchasing equipment, the user can either order a ready-made complex assembly, or purchase a system made with an individual set of work items. Also, the Astra model biological wastewater treatment plant provides for automated control. This approach to the organization of the workflow allows you to save electricity and optimize processing specifically for specific conditions, taking into account the volume of effluents, seasonality and external operating conditions.
How to choose the best model?
It is advisable to make a choice already on the basis of the finished project of the sewer system, including the stage of cleaning with a septic tank. The design solution is developed on the basis of average daily wastewater volumes, number of residents, soil cover characteristics and other indicators of the proposed work process. In terms of processing technology, it is recommended to immediately contact the deep biological wastewater treatment plants that implement a complete filtration cycle. Such systems are not cheap, but the user can be sure of the high quality of the final material. This applies directly to the liquid, and settled waste, which can be used as agricultural fertilizer.
Conclusion
Biological cleaning systems provide many benefits to owners of country houses. They eliminate the need to use the services of sewage services and provide a product useful for private households in the form of clean water and compost. On the other hand, the biological wastewater treatment plant consumes energy and requires more thorough maintenance than equipment that implements only surface filtration. Nevertheless, the need for such systems is not always there. If the house has access to the central treatment plants, then it will be possible to limit itself only to a station for the temporary content of effluents. But this applies to a greater extent to suburban areas, which are planned to be disposed of only from storm drains without household waste.