What engine does a UFO have? That's a very difficult question. Scientists and amateurs have conducted numerous “thought experiments” on how alien spacecraft can work (on paper, since both amateurs and scientists do not have the appropriate hardware).
Many books on this subject were written by Paul R. Hill in 1995, James McCampbell (70s), Leonard J. Cramp (1966), Plantier (1953). They all approached the UFO phenomenon from the point of view of the craft of a “mad scientist,” and their theories for explaining the maneuvering of alien ships were based on the idea that the source of their motion is rigidly attached to the ship.
Other engineers and physicists who show a public and ongoing interest in the subject of UFOs or who think about how they can work are: Hermann Obert; James E. MacDonald; James Harder Harley D. Rutledge; Jack Sarfatti; Harold Puthoff; Claude Poer, who led the GEPAN in the late 1970s, a French government project to study unidentified objects, and many others. This article summarizes what we humans know about UFO engines.
Physical aspect
If we want to explain UFOs from the point of view of physics, which we understand, but we will rely on observations, then, apparently, we can assume that they are able to generate artificial gravitational fields (in terms of the general theory of relativity - manipulate the curvature of the fabric of space time), just as we produce magnetism with the help of electric currents.
Bright light
It is believed that the glow of different colors around the UFO is due to ionization of the surrounding air. The atmosphere around them kind of “lights up”, it is very similar to what is happening in neon lamps. This is a kind of "plasma shell." Changes in the brightness and color of the "plasma shell", apparently, is associated with the operation of the engine.
Ionization of air and radiation
Air ionization is apparently caused by electromagnetic radiation emitted by ships, and is considered a secondary effect of the propulsion system. This includes ultraviolet radiation (as evidenced by many cases of irritation of the eyes and skin of people who have personally observed alien ships) and soft x-ray radiation (traces of the “burn ring” on the ground where flying saucers have landed) testify to it. Given the difficulty of creating a plasma under normal atmospheric conditions in combination with other observations, such as the luminosity of underwater UFOs, the sudden appearance of condensation / fog when launched in conditions of high humidity and no noise suggests a shell with a lower density than the atmosphere around flying saucers.
Vacuum engine
The vacuum generated when air or water is “repelled” from the skin of the ship (confirmed by observations where UFOs rise from the water) minimizes friction and heating problems. Plasma can interact strongly with electromagnetic radiation.
Plasma Invisibility is a proposed process that uses ionized gas (plasma) to reduce the radar section (RCS) of an airplane. This may explain why sometimes alien ships are visually visible, but not tracked by radar. Often they have a very strong magnetic field. In addition, in some cases, light, such as from car headlights or beam projectors, is reported to “bend” in front of a mysterious alien object, an effect that some believe is related to the most controversial aspect of UFO reports. It is about the ability of some flying saucers to disappear and reflect light.
Physiological effects
The physiological effects of UFOs on humans often include:
- sunburn effect and eye irritation;
- severe dryness of the nose and throat;
- changes in color of vision;
- severe headaches;
- sensation of heat / burning.
Often, after a collision with alien ships, witnesses and animals were sick and even died with symptoms similar to radiation poisoning. Apparently, as a fuel for the engine, a UFO uses something radioactive.
Many ideas have been suggested, including that extraterrestrial spaceships store energy in a very concentrated form, convert gravity into usable energy, or use surrounding energy, or use remote energy transfer.
A challenge to the laws of physics
It seems that the aliens are challenging our currently accepted physics, for example, by the fact that their ships are accelerating without releasing any chemical substance from the back. Both Newton’s gravity and general relativity (Einstein’s theory of gravity) require a “negative mass” (or energy) to make antigravity possible. This was a serious obstacle to the study of unidentified objects by many physicists of the “mainstream” in previous decades.
The most adequate and justified explanation of the operation of the UFO engine is the so-called gravitomagnetism and, in particular, any connection between gravity and superconductivity.
Further research
Statements made in the 1990s by Russian material scientist E. Podkletnov about the effects of “shielding gravity” in experiments with rotating superconductors in a magnetic field were characterized as “contradictory” and, apparently, had a negative impact on his career. Exactly the same as Otis T. Carr's UFO engine negatively influenced his career, exposing him as a marginal. Nevertheless, the models of these two researchers look the most plausible to explain the operation of devices of extraterrestrial origin.
In March 2006, an experiment by the Austrian physicist M. Teymar and his colleagues, funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), announced the creation of a toroidal (tangential, azimuthal) gravitational field in a rotating accelerated (time-dependent angular velocity) superconducting niobium ring. The opinion of some scientists stems from the fact that the literature on UFOs since the 1940s has consistently documented:
- direct gravitational impact;
- rotation;
- the movement of the flying saucers is carried out in such a way as if the drive acted perpendicular to the plane of the disk;
- strong magnetic field.
Other assumptions
The commonly observed forms of alien spacecraft (disk, spheroid), apparently, are not selected for aerodynamic purposes. When discoidal flying saucers want to fly away quickly, they bend over and fly with the forward plane of the disk.
Paul Hill's remarks
Scientists do not have a clear answer to the question of how the UFO engine works. A very interesting book by Paul Hill (NASA's aeronautical engineer), Unidentified Flying Objects: A Scientific Analysis, is dedicated to highlighting the existence of alien ships and their characteristics. Hill writes that to the extent that the engineering characteristics of a UFO can be estimated by empirical observation, he gives this very characteristic, voicing many of the ideas written above.
Slopes
One of the most frequently observed flight characteristics of extraterrestrial spaceships (and hence the UFO engine device) is the habit of flying saucers to bend over when performing all maneuvers. In particular, they hang at the same level when they soar, but at the same time lean forward to move in this direction, lean back to stop, and so on.
A detailed analysis by Hill shows that such a movement is incompatible with aerodynamic requirements, but is fully consistent with the theory of repulsive force field. Unsatisfied with the paper-based analysis alone, Hill organized the construction and testing of various forms of jet-powered circular flying platforms. Hill himself acted as a test pilot in earlier versions and found the above movements to be the most economical for control purposes.
Force field
In an effort to further study the force field hypothesis, Hill mentioned earlier analyzed a number of cases involving interactions in the near field with an apparatus in which some form of gravitational force was demonstrated. These include examples where a person or vehicle was injured, tree branches were torn or broken, tiles were displaced, objects were deflected, and land or water was deformed when it came into contact with a UFO.
With a thorough analysis, the subtleties of these interactions are combined to uniquely indicate the repulsive force field surrounding the apparatus. Further detailed studies show that a special form of the driving force of the force field that satisfies the observation restrictions is what Hill calls the directional acceleration field, that is, a field that, as a rule, has a gravitational nature and, in particular, gravitational suppression. Such a field acts on all masses in its sphere of influence, as does the gravitational field. The consequence of this conclusion is that the observed accelerations of ~ 100 g with respect to the environment can be observed without the use of high-side airborne forces, for example, a central UFO engine. That is, a spaceship aliens can soar without involving their motor.
conclusions
One of the consequences of the aforementioned identification of the UFO engine is Hill's conclusion, supported by detailed calculations, computer modeling and research in the field of aerodynamics, that supersonic and at the same time soundless flight through the atmosphere is easy to design.
Manipulating an accelerating type force field even at supersonic speeds would lead to the creation of a zone with constant pressure without a shock wave, in which the vehicle is surrounded by a subsonic flow line flow scheme and subsonic speed ratios. An additional advantage of this field control is that drops of moisture, rain, dust, insects or other low-speed objects will follow the streamlined paths around the ship, and not affect it.
Heating problem
Another mystery resolved by Hill's analysis is that flying saucers observed with continuous movement do not appear to generate temperatures high enough to destroy known materials. In other words, UFOs prevent high aerodynamic heating rates, instead of allowing problems with heating, and then are “cooled” using heat-resistant materials, as is the case with the NASA space shuttle, whose surface temperature can reach 1300 ° C. Hill showed that the solution to this potential problem stems from the fact that controlling the force field, which leads to the prevention of drag, as discussed above, also effectively prevents aerodynamic heating. As a result, the air flow approaches, then bounces off the ship without generating any energy. This is the principle of the UFO engine.
Cost-effectiveness
Another example of the type of correlation that derives from Hill's analytical approach is presented by analyzing the cost-effectiveness of various flight path profiles. It is shown that deviations with a large angle and large acceleration on trajectories with a ballistic arc and with high-speed coastal segments are more effective than, for example, intermediate flights along a horizontal path. This is also reflected in the principle of operation of the UFO engine.