The types of public service are determined by specialization, which determines the goals, level and functions of the relevant bodies. This concept is understood as a special professional work aimed at ensuring the powers granted by law to the government apparatus.
Various types of public service arose in connection with the device of the Russian Federation, which is federal in nature. These distinctions were also affected by the separation of powers and the particularities of various sectors and spheres related to the executive apparatus.
According to the principles of federalism , the following types of public service of the Russian Federation are distinguished:
- the service of state entities that are under its jurisdiction;
- federal.
Joint jurisdiction of the state and its subjects are only personnel related to law enforcement and judicial bodies.
The types of public service are also divided into:
- civil;
- general administrative;
- specialized;
- law enforcement;
- military;
- military;
- paramilitary.
The civil service has a multi-purpose functional nature. Its main task is to ensure the execution of all the powers that are assigned to the management apparatus of the company. It is this diversity of functions that dictates the specialization and differentiation of the professional performance of government bodies. A deep understanding of the structure of this mechanism contributes to solving the problem of modernization and improving the work of all its units in order to increase the efficiency of their functioning.
Types of public service, which are classified according to the type of government, can be divided into several categories. These include:
- parliamentary service;
- the work of executive bodies (government);
- judicial activity.
Various elements of the structure of public service have specific features and functionalities that depend on the subject of activity and the competence of the corresponding apparatus of power.
Management or general administrative bodies include:
- the service of the President and his Administration;
- parliamentary bodies;
- government service;
- executive bodies.
The type of public service, which is specialized, solves the tasks of exercising special powers. They are provided to employees with specific training. As a rule, their goal is to regulate certain homogeneous activities. Service in specialized state units refers to the civilian species. The activities of such state bodies are based on legal acts that are issued for their functioning. These include:
- diplomatic service;
- tax authorities;
- human rights apparatus;
- control and supervision service;
- financial and credit state bodies;
- an alternative civil service ;
- election commissions.
The concept and types of public service with special competencies and functions also include bodies that solve law enforcement problems. Their activities are based on the application of legal measures that comply with applicable law. Such service is carried out in bodies:
- ships;
- prosecutors;
- tax police;
- internal affairs;
- customs;
- justice;
- notarial service.
By its specifics, the military is closely adjacent to the law enforcement service. This is a special view that differs from the civil one in a number of features:
- working conditions associated with risk;
- specific professional features;
- official duties, based on the protection of the health and life of citizens, as well as ensuring their safety;
- the existence of a disciplinary charter;
- special conditions for admission to the service and the procedure for its passage.