Wisdom, reaching us through the centuries in the form of oral legends, is a tremendous repository of the memory of our ancestors. Folklore is designed to teach children and instruct adults. A special place in the culture of Russia is occupied by Bashkir proverbs. Like fairy tales, they are playful, but at the same time filled with the deepest meaning. Many of them were translated into Russian and took root in it.
The place of the proverb in the Bashkir language
Unlike other speech turns, proverbs are used by a person in speech constantly, in various situations. They decorate the speech, help to convey the idea more clearly to the interlocutor. Not for nothing in the Bashkir language there is such a saying: "A beard adorns the chin, and proverbs adorn the tongue ." Sayings of this Turkic people are famous for their double allegorical meaning. For example: " If you run away from smoke, do not get into the fire ." The saying has a hidden meaning and can be interpreted as follows: running away from problems - do not get into big trouble. Proverbs and sayings through the language tell about the main aspects of human life: friendship, culture, love, hospitality, work. Adapting, like a mosaic, into the overall picture of the worldview.
Bashkir proverbs about friendship
Friendship has a special place in the life of the Bashkirs. A lot of interesting proverbs are composed about her:
- Ike keshe ber bulһa, ille keshe yөҙ bulyr. Together - not hard, separately - I want to quit . You can understand that together it’s easy, but separately it’s hard.
- Irem kiҫәe - an item of kiҫәge. Close must fraternize against the will . This saying that relatives should always support each other.
- Ay yaҡtyһy ҡauyshtyrmaҫ, ҡoyash nury ҡyuandyrma ҫ. If the moon does not reconcile, then the sun does not make friends . It means that if people are not friends, then nothing can reconcile them.
Bashkir proverbs about hospitality
It has long been known that the Bashkir people regard hospitality as a duty. The owner of the house should envelop the guest with care. Due to the fact that special attention is paid to joint eating, many proverbs in the Bashkir language focus on treating guests:
- Atly ҡunaҡ һyylһaң, atyn da ҡara. If the guest arrived on a horse, treat both the guest and the horse . It means that if the guest brought a friend, relative, animal, then the owner of the house must feed everyone.
- Orap birmә kunagytsa, һөyһөp bir. No need to ask the guest if he wants to eat. This should be understood as a parting word to the owner that he should feed the guest before he wants to eat.
- Yomart yorttoң usagynda kөlө kүp bulyr. The welcoming host has ash in the furnace. It means that the owner does not spare anything for the guest, including firewood.
- As sҡyҡ - һy өҫtөnә һy. Cordiality is a treat . From the translation you can understand that hospitality begins with the smile of the host.
Proverbs of Labor
Labor occupies a special place in the life of the Bashkir people . For hardworking people, as well as for lazy people, in the Turkic language there are special concepts:
- Tyryshkan tabyr, tashҡa ҡaҙaҡ ҡagyr. Where a diligent man comes, a fire burns. Proverbs, Bashkir in particular, cannot be taken literally. This statement has a metaphorical meaning and means that a person accustomed to work can do everything.
- Yalҡau yatyr erҙeң yaylyһyn һaylar. The lazy one is looking for a better place . Means that lazy people take off from work. Everywhere they seek profit.
- Yalҡauҙyң aty la ayymһyҙ bu¬lyr. In a lazy person, even a horse is lazy . It means that next to the loafer everyone is lazy.
- Ungan keshe ҡyldy ҡyҙgҡka yaryr. A diligent person can cut a hair into forty parts. A craftsman is always a master of his craft.
Bashkir proverbs about the language
The meaning of the word in the Bashkir language is assigned a special meaning:
- Tele barın ile bar. One who has a language has a homeland . It means that one who knows his language will not lose his roots.
- Uytkәn hyҙ - atkan uk. Word spoken - arrow released . It is understood that the spoken word can injure another person as much as the arrow.
- Uҙ aғarta, uҙ karalai. What has been said whitens, what is said denigrate . This means that the word can be used both for help and for harm.
Proverbs about man and his place in the world
Proverbs and sayings often express a person’s attitude to life, the world around him and his position in this world:
- Meң kөn kүlәgә bulyp yөrөgәnse, ber kөn keshe bulyuyn, yaҡy. It is better to become a man for one day than a thousand - to be a shadow. Here we are talking about the positive qualities of people.
- Keshe - kesheg ish; hayuan - hayuanga ish. A man must be a man, an animal - an animal. For the Bashkirs, man is a living creature, an animal is not. Therefore, animals can be hunted, and a person must be a hunter. The superiority of people over animals is expressed.
An important addition to human speech are proverbs, Bashkir often have practical meaning. They are used in the main areas of life, such as love, freedom, labor, friendship, knowledge. They allow us to understand not just the language, but also the soul of the Bashkir people.