In 1946, unknown writer Viktor Nekrasov is included in the literature. "In the Trenches of Stalingrad" - an analysis of the work is given in the article - a story that opened a new page in the image of the Second World War. Some will call it “trench”, others - “lieutenant”. In any case, it is important that this was a completely new look at recent tragic events. For the first time, in the center of the image were ordinary soldiers and their commanders, who fully understood the hardships of front-line life.
about the author
V. Nekrasov was born in Kiev (the autobiographical protagonist of the story recalls this city with warmth in many ways) in 1911. Before the war, he received the profession of an architect, was fond of theater, painting, literature. I tried to write, but life, as he admitted, did not give a suitable plot, and the fiction was of no interest to either the author or the editors.
From the first months of the war N. Nekrasov was at the front — this is proved by the story and its analysis. “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” - a work written on the basis of personal observations and sensations of the author. Later, the writer recalled that a real fuse (and he, like his hero, served as a military engineer and deputy commander of a sapper battalion) saw only the first pistol a year after the start of the war - a week before the unsuccessful attack near Kharkov. Nekrasov took part in the defense of Stalingrad and in his own skin knew all the hardships of front-line everyday life. He was demobilized after being wounded at the end of the war - in 1945.
The story of the creation of the story "In the Trenches of Stalingrad"
Analysis of the work should begin with the history of its birth. Once in the Kiev hospital, the future writer was faced with the fact that his right hand worked poorly after being wounded. On the advice of the doctor, he began to develop it: he wrote a lot. These were the memories of the heroic defense of the city on the Volga in 1942-1943. Yesterday's defender of Stalingrad had a desire to share his experiences with readers and talk about his comrades. So the first pages of the story appeared, in the original resembling the diary of the protagonist, Yuri Kerzhentsev.
Later Nekrasov dictated notebooks to the typist, and handed over the finished text of the work with a friend (at random!) To Moscow. And then after some time in the “Banner” was published the work “Stalingrad”, which immediately provoked conflicting assessments. For many, the content and analysis of the story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” caused discontent. First of all, by the fact that it did not have the usual eulogies about the leader and senior command staff. Meanwhile, I. Stalin himself approved the work, which resulted in the presentation of its second-degree Stalin Prize to its author.
Narrative feature
The story is written on behalf of a young lieutenant, twenty-eight-year-old military engineer Yuri Kerzhentsev. This is a detailed, almost daily, story about the mass retreat of Soviet troops from Oskol to the Volga, about the weeks of life in Stalingrad, first peaceful, interrupted by violent bombing of the enemy, then military - during the fierce fighting for Mamaev Kurgan and approaches to the city. Moreover, as the analysis shows, “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” (story) does not contain voluminous descriptions of the battles and heroic deeds of Soviet soldiers. All the pictures are extremely capacious and truthful - the silence, according to Nekrasov, is no more than 1% in the story. This is explained simply.
The author wanted to show the real defenders of the country through the eyes of a warrior who experienced natural human feelings during the war: longing for a peaceful life and family, pride in his comrades, shame for retreats and failures, fear of explosions and incessant fire in the trenches of Stalingrad . The analysis of the work as if takes the reader to the battlefield, and he, after the main character, tries to rethink what has happened, to understand at what price the victory was given to the people.
The role of the lyrical digressions and reflections of the hero
Descriptions of reality are often interrupted by a retrospective into the past. In the first part there are more of them, in the second, where the series of events is developing faster, there are not so many. During a painful retreat, these are the memoirs of Kerzhentsev about his beloved Kiev, where his home and family remained. The hero is in constant pain from the fact that now the Nazis are in charge.
Several peaceful days in Stalingrad remind you of your beloved girl, pre-war activities and hobbies that will never be the same again. Conversations at the plant, which is preparing for the explosion, evoke memories of the "Sevastopol Tales." In them, L. Tolstoy discusses the “hidden patriotism” of the Russian people. This is what the main character sees next to him, Nekrasov emphasizes.
In the trenches of Stalingrad (analysis of contrasting paintings enhances the impression of what he read), Yuri draws attention to the surrounding nature. The description of the autumn landscape, calm and majestic, against which terrible events unfold, helps to sharper feel the tragic scale of what is happening. Such a perception of the world turns Kerzhentsev into a man trying to solve the eternal problem of life and death, heroism and meanness, sincerity and hypocrisy.
War image
The analysis “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” (Nekrasov’s novel) leads the reader to the main point. In each line, the author speaks with pain about how fleeting life is: a minute ago a person spoke, breathed, and now lies with an extinct look and a disfigured body. In this case, everything happens everyday, and the description of the various faces of death and human suffering allows us to understand the true scale of the people's tragedy. Incredibly realistic describes Nekrasov death wounded in the stomach Lazarenko and a very young machine gunner. As about the most terrible manifestation of death, he recalls a killed soldier, whose cigarette butt burns in his lips. The episodes telling, for example, about the defense of the sheds or the capture of a hill, when a small handful of poorly armed Soviet soldiers heroically opposed the enemy detachment with tanks and machine guns also possess incredible power.
The image of the protagonist
The analysis of the story “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” by Nekrasov is impossible without addressing the personality of Yuri Kerzhentsev. This is an educated, intelligent person who absorbs everything that he sees and hears around. He understands that war is not at all like peaceful life: nothing can be predicted in it. And yet, what is happening: the retreat, the difficult situation of the army, the dumb reproaches in the views of the inhabitants of the abandoned villages - forces the hero and his colleagues to seek an answer to the eternal question of who is to blame.
The lieutenant himself repeatedly catches himself with the thought that in war the heart becomes hardened, and human values become completely different. Nevertheless, he is very self-critical and demanding of himself. The taciturn, sometimes quick-tempered hero at the right time is able to support and make the right decision. He sincerely experiences the death of each of his comrades. In critical moments, he is next to the fighters, just like them, he is not hiding from bullets. War became for him a responsible matter, which should be carried out in good faith.
The author does not idealize his hero, which is confirmed by the actions of Kerzhentsev and their analysis. “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” is an example of how an ordinary person behaves in a war. When bullets fly by during a conversation with Chumak, Yuri involuntarily ducks. He, the commander, sometimes does not know what to do, and feels guilty before others. Does not refuse milk or lemon extracted by Valega. But its advantage is that it lacks false heroism, arrogance.
Thus, the main character is an ordinary person who, at the cost of his life, defended Stalingrad and the whole country.
Image of Valega
In his story Nekrasov ("In the Trenches of Stalingrad"), the analysis of the contents of which confirms this, pays special attention to the orderly of Kerzhentsev - Valega. This is a simple, uneducated eighteen-year-old guy, infinitely devoted to his lieutenant and homeland. His work, at first glance, is invisible, but Kerzhentsev was more than once surprised at how cleverly Valega managed. In any conditions, Yuri was waiting for a heated dinner, clean linen, a dry raincoat. In some unknown way, Valega could adapt to any conditions. At the same time, Kerzhentsev was sure: if the cartridges run out and you need to fight for your homeland with his teeth, his orderly will cope in this situation. It was such warriors who lived in the trenches day and night that bore the brunt of the war.
The place of the story in literature
V. Nekrasov was the first in Russian literature to show, according to V. Bykov, “the truth and high essence of individuality in the war, the importance of the individual ... in an environment with the absolute subordination of one to all ...”. And a decade later, a whole generation of front-line writers came out of the Nekrasov trenches, writing about what they themselves suffered and experienced.
conclusions
A book about people from the trenches - this is the name of many of the first readers of the novel written by V. Nekrasov in 1946, "In the Trenches of Stalingrad." Analysis of the work confirms this idea. The author’s impartial story about those who faced moral choices in the terrible years of the country and managed to preserve the best human qualities in themselves , once again emphasizes the unshakable stamina, unlimited courage and true patriotism of the Russian people, who always knew how to defend the freedom and independence of their state.