The article presents a biography of Aksakov, a famous Russian writer. He is known to many as the author of the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower", as well as the creator of "Family Chronicle", "Notes of the gun hunter" and other works.
Aksakov's biography begins on September 20, 1791, when Sergei Timofeevich was born in a city in Ufa. In the family chronicle "Bagrova-grandson's childhood", the author spoke about his childhood, and also made a description of his relatives. If you want to get acquainted with the first stage of the life path of such a writer as Sergei Aksakov, the biography for children and adults set forth in this work will certainly interest you.
Years of study at the gymnasium
S. T. Aksakov was educated first at the Kazan Gymnasium, and then at Kazan University. He spoke about this in his memoirs. Separation from Sergey was very difficult for her mother, and she almost cost her life both her and the writer himself. In 1799, S.T. Aksakov entered the gymnasium. His biography is marked by the fact that his mother soon took him back, because in an impressionable and nervous child a lonely illness began to develop from loneliness and longing , as Aksakov himself admitted.
During the year, the writer was in the village. However, in 1801 he entered the gymnasium completely. A further biography of Aksakov is associated with this educational institution. Sergei Timofeevich disapproved of the level of teaching in this gymnasium. However, he respected a few teachers. This, for example, Kartashevsky. In 1817, this man married the writer’s sister, Natalya Timofeevna. During the training, Sergey Timofeevich was awarded with laurels and other awards.
Studying at Kazan University
In 1805, at the age of 14, Aksakov became a student at Kazan University, which had just been founded. Part of the gymnasium where Sergei Timofeevich studied was reserved for a new educational institution. Some of her teachers became university professors. Students were selected from among the best students of the gymnasium.
Passing a course of university lectures, at the same time Aksakov continued his studies at the gymnasium in some subjects. At the first time of the university’s existence, there was no division into faculties, therefore, all 35 first students went through many sciences: logic and higher mathematics, chemistry and anatomy, classical literature and history. In 1709, in March, Aksakov completed his studies. He received a certificate, which indicated, among other sciences, about which Sergei Timofeevich knew only by hearsay. At the university, these subjects have not yet been taught. During the training, Aksakov developed a passion for hunting and theater. These hobbies persisted throughout his future life.
First works
The first works were written at the age of 14 by S. T. Aksakov. His biography is marked by an early recognition of his work. In a magazine called "Arcadian Shepherdesses" was placed the first poem by Sergei Timofeevich. Its employees tried to imitate the sentimentality of Karamzin and signed with shepherd names: Amintov, Daphnisov, Irisov, Adonisov and others. Sergei Timofeevich’s poem "To the Nightingale" was appreciated by contemporaries. Aksakov, encouraged by this, in 1806 founded together with Alexander Panayev and Perevozchikov, who later became a famous mathematician, the Journal of Our Studies. In it, Aksakov was already an opponent of Karamzin. He became a follower of A. S. Shishkov. This man created "Discourses on the Old and New Syllables" and was the initiator of Slavophilism.
Student troupe, moving to Moscow and St. Petersburg
As we have already said, Aksakov was fond of theater. Passion for him prompted him to create a student troupe. In the arranged performances, Sergei Timofeevich also performed himself, while showing stage talent.
The Aksakov family received a decent inheritance in 1807, which was inherited from Aunt Kuroyedova. The Aksakovs moved to Moscow, and a year later to St. Petersburg, so that their daughter was educated in the best educational institutions of the capital. S.T.Aksakov fully possessed the stage hobby at this time. Then he began working as a translator in the commission involved in the drafting of laws, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. A brief biography of him was noted at this time and new acquaintances.
New acquaintances
Aksakov wanted to improve in recitation. This desire led him to meet Shusherin, the famous actor of the late 19th - early 20th century. The young theatergoer spent a lot of free time with this man in conversations about the stage and in recitations.
In addition to theater acquaintances, S.T. Aksakov acquired others. He met with Romanovsky, Labzin and A. S. Shishkov. With the latter, he became very close. This was facilitated by Shishkov's declamatory talent. Sergei Timofeevich staged performances in the house of Shishkov.
1811-1812 years
In 1811, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov decided to leave his job on the commission, a brief biography of which was marked by new attempts to find something to his liking, because the previous service did not attract him. First, in 1812, Aksakov left for Moscow. After a while, he moved to the village. Here he spent the years of the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte. Aksakov and his father enrolled in the police.
Having been in Moscow for the last time, the writer, through Shusherin, got acquainted with a number of writers who lived here - Kokoshkin, Ilyin, Shatrov, etc. A little earlier Aksakov began working on the translation of the tragedy "Filokett" by Sophocles by Lagarpov. This translation was required for the benefit of Shusherin. In 1812, a tragedy was released.
Years after the French invasion
In the period from 1814 to 1815, Sergei Timofeevich was in St. Petersburg and Moscow. At this time, he met with Derzhavin. Aksakov created the "Message to A. I. Kaznacheev" in 1816. It was first published in 1878 in the Russian Archive. In this work, the writer is indignant that the gallomania of the society of that time did not decrease after the invasion of the French.
Personal life of Aksakov
A brief biography of Aksakov continues with his marriage to O.S. Zaplatina, the daughter of a Suvorov general. Her mother was a Turkish woman who, at the age of 12, was captured during the siege of Ochakov. The Turkish woman was raised and baptized in Kursk, in the family of Voinov. In 1792 Olga Semenovna, the wife of Aksakova, was born. At the age of 30, the woman died.
Immediately after the wedding, Sergei Timofeevich went to the estate of Timofey Stepanovich, his father. Here next year, the young spouses gave birth to a son, Konstantin. Sergei Timofeevich lived in the home of his parents for 5 years without a break. The addition in the family was annually.
Sergei Timofeevich in 1821 allocated the village of Nadezhino to his son in the Orenburg province. This place is found under the name Parashina in the family chronicle. Before moving there, Aksakov went to Moscow. Here he spent the winter of 1821.
Return to Moscow, renewal of acquaintances
A brief biography of Aksakov continues in Moscow, where he renewed his acquaintance with the literary and theatrical world. Sergei Timofeevich made friends with Pisarev, Zagoskin, Shakhovsky, Kokoshkin and others. The writer published a translation of the tenth satire of Boileau. For this, Sergei Timofeevich was honored to become a member of the famous "Society of lovers of Russian literature."
In 1822, in the summer, Aksakov again went with his family to the Orenburg province. Here he remained without a break until 1826. Aksakov was not allowed to take up farming. His children grew up, who needed to be taught. The way out for Aksakov was to return to Moscow to occupy a position here.
Aksakov finally moves to Moscow
In 1826, in August, Sergei Timofeevich forever said goodbye to the village. From that time until his death, that is, about 30 years, he was only 3 times, and even then a run-in, in Nadezhin.
S.T. Aksakov, together with his six children, moved to Moscow. He renewed his friendship with Shakhovsky, Pisarev, etc. The biography of Sergei Aksakov, Timofeevich, was noted at that time in translation works. In 1828, he took up the prosaic translation of Moliere's "Mean". And even earlier, in 1819, he wrote the School of Husbands by the same writer in verse.
Work in the Moscow Bulletin
Aksakov actively defended his comrades from the attacks of Polevoy. He persuaded Pogodin, who published Moscow Bulletin in the late 1820s, to start the Dramatic Addition magazine, on which Aksakov worked. Sergei Timofeevich and Polev were at enmity in the pages of Galatea by Raich and Athenei Pavlov. In 1829, Sergei Timofeevich read his translation of the eighth satire of Boileau in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.
Censor service
After some time, Aksakov transferred enmity with Polevoy on the ground of censorship. In 1827, he became one of the members of the censorship committee in Moscow. Sergey Timofeevich took this position thanks to the patronage of his friend A. S. Shishkov, who at that time was the Minister of Education. Sergei Aksakov served as censor for about 6 years. Moreover, several times he served as chairman of the committee.
Aksakov - school inspector, the death of his father
The biography of Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich (the subsequent years of his life) is represented by the following main events. Aksakov began to work in a boundary school in 1834. Work here also continued for six years, until 1839. Aksakov was at first an inspector of the school. After some time, when it turned into the Konstantinovsky boundary institute, he took the post of its director. Sergei Timofeevich was disappointed in the service. She influenced his health very badly. Therefore, in 1839, he decided to resign. In 1837, his father died, leaving a significant inheritance, on which Aksakov healed.
New circle of acquaintances
The circle of acquaintances of Sergei Timofeevich in the early 1830s changed. Pisarev died, Shakhovskaya and Kokoshkin lost their former influence, Zagoskin maintained a purely personal friendship with Aksakov. Sergei Timofeevich began to fall under the influence of a young university circle, which included Pogodin, Pavlov, Nadezhdin together with his son Konstantin. In addition, Sergei Aksakov came close to Gogol (his portrait is presented above). His biography was noted by his acquaintance with Nikolai Vasilievich in 1832. Their friendship lasted 20 years, until the death of Gogol (March 4, 1852).
A twist in creativity
In 1834, Aksakov printed a short story entitled "Buran" in the dennitsa almanac. This work was a turning point in his work. Sergei Aksakov, whose biography until this time was not marked by the creation of such works, decided to turn to reality, having freed himself completely from false-classical tastes. Following the path of realism, the writer in 1840 set to writing Family Chronicle. The work was completed in 1846. Excerpts from the work were published in the Moscow Collection in 1846.
In the following, 1847, another work by Aksakov appeared - "Notes on the fishing of fish." And a few years later, in 1852 - "Notes of a gun hunter." These hunting notes were a great success. The name of Sergei Timofeevich became known throughout the country. His syllable was recognized as exemplary, and the characteristics of fish, birds and animals as masterful images. The works of Aksakov were recognized by I.S. Turgenev, Gogol and others.
Then Sergey Timofeevich began to create memoirs of a family and literary character. In 1856, the Family Chronicle was published, which was a great success. Critics disagreed about this work, which is considered one of the best in the work of Sergei Timofeevich. For example, the Slavophiles (Khomyakov) believed that Aksakov was the first among Russian writers to find positive features in contemporary reality. Critics of publicism (for example, Dobrolyubov), on the contrary, found negative characteristics in the Family Chronicle.
In 1858, the continuation of this work was published. It is called the "Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson." This work was less successful.
Illness and death
The biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov for children and adults is marked by a serious illness with which he had to fight in recent years. The writer's health shook about 12 years before his death. Due to eye disease, he was forced to stay in a dark room for a long time. The writer was not accustomed to a sedentary life, his body became disordered. At the same time, Aksakov lost one eye. The writer's illness began to give him severe suffering in the spring of 1858. However, he endured it with patience and firmness. Last summer, Sergei Timofeevich spent at his country house, located near Moscow. When the disease receded, he dictated new works. This, for example, "Collecting butterflies." The work was published after the death of the writer, at the end of 1859.
A brief biography of Sergei Aksakov was marked by a move to Moscow in the autumn of 1858. He spent in great misery the following winter. However, despite this, he was still sometimes involved in literature. At this time, Aksakov created "Winter Morning", "Natasha", "Meeting with the Martinists." Aksakov's biography ends in 1859, when Sergei Timofeevich passed away.
Many times Aksakov's works appeared in separate editions. In particular, “Family Chronicle” has survived 4 editions, and “Notes of a gun hunter” has survived as many as 6. And in our time, interest in the life and work of such a writer as S. Aksakov does not quench. The biography for children and adults presented in this article only briefly introduces his creative heritage. Many of his works were included in the golden fund of Russian literature.