Many dream of their country or private home. It can be built independently if you consider the detailed technology for carrying out this type of work. The house from a bar looks spectacular. Feedback on the construction technology, as well as the main stages of this process will be considered in the article.
Construction Features
Private and summer houses from timber today are very popular. They are able to provide all the necessary conditions for people to live in it. Also, this material is quite affordable, and it can be found almost everywhere. This is another reason for its popularity.
Assembling a house from a timber does not require the use of special equipment. This is a fairly lightweight material. At the same time, technologies are constantly developing and improving. This allows even a layperson to build such a structure correctly. It is for this reason that the construction of such structures today can be done by almost everyone. To do this, you need to consider in detail the stages of construction, especially the choice of wood.
Structures from timber are distinguished by a spectacular appearance. They fit perfectly into the landscape of the countryside. In such a house, it’s cozy and calm. The interior can be decorated in different styles. However, most often, owners prefer to leave the natural look of natural material.
The cost of a house made of timber can be quite acceptable if you choose the right type of wood. On sale are many varieties of timber. It is distinguished by a processing technique and operational qualities. Therefore, the cost may vary.
The construction of such a house can be done with your own hands, but assistants will still be required. In this case, you can create not only a one-story, but also a two-story cottage, in which it will be comfortable not only to rest periodically, but also to live permanently. The number of people who will live here permanently depends on the choice of the design of the building.
Builders reviews
According to reviews, a house made of timber is distinguished by both a mass of positive qualities and negative characteristics. It should be noted that multi-story buildings cannot be constructed from this material. This is due to the basic properties of wood. You can not build a house of this natural material higher than three floors.
However, this material has several advantages. The bar is quite durable and practical. It is an environmentally friendly material. Thanks to this, a healthy microclimate is created indoors. It will be pleasant to smell of wood here, which tunes in to rest and calm. Today, according to reviews, a house made of timber is a popular type of structure. It corresponds to the most modern fashion trends, which suggest combining natural materials with high technology and functionality to create the interior and exterior. In this case, you can choose when planning the construction of a retro style, as well as many other modern types of design.
Considering the pros and cons of a timber house, it should be noted the practicality of this material. A beam, unlike a log, has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. This greatly simplifies the construction process. The walls will be immediately ready for finishing, as they turn out smooth.
From the presented material, you can build both a small country house and a dimensional cottage. You can create a variety of form buildings.
It will be possible to decorate the house with a beautiful veranda or terrace, as well as balconies. This will increase the comfort of staying in the house of people. You can also develop a different type of roof structure. It can be simple or complex.
Material flaws
It should be noted that the bar, as a natural material, has a number of disadvantages. This must be considered before starting construction. The cost of a house from a bar can be quite large if the construction is carried out from profiled material. It has a high cost (as opposed to a bar of natural humidity). However, this material is easy to install and has many advantages during operation.
Wood is a fire hazardous material. Therefore, it will be necessary to additionally treat it with special compounds. They reduce the flammability of wood. However, the most stringent construction requirements will be put forward for wiring, installation of heating equipment. They must be taken into account. Otherwise, register this structure will not work. The operation of a house made of timber for permanent residence or other types of structures will be unsafe.
It should also be noted that wood is subject to rotting processes. A fungus may form on it. Also, different bugs can spoil this natural material. Therefore, you will additionally need to spend budget funds on the purchase of special compounds. They will avoid the destruction of wood.
Two-and one-story houses from a bar can shrink. This occurs during the first few years of operation at home. Therefore, carrying out many finishing works will require certain knowledge from the master.
In general, the timber has a lot of advantages over other types of wood materials. Therefore, it is most often used in self-construction. This allows you to create a strong, durable building, which can be used for both periodic and permanent residence.
Material Features
Do-it-yourself timber house can be built from different types of material. The choice depends on the construction budget and the features of the project. The beam can be glued or solid, profiled or not, dry or natural humidity.
Glued beams are not solid. It consists of several boards, which were interconnected in a special way. Thanks to this production method, glued varieties have a perfectly flat surface. However, solid timber is valued more. This is a single array, which is obtained after the correct processing of the log.
Profiled timber is processed on a special machine. After that, he gets a certain section shape. Houses from profiled timber look very aesthetically pleasing. They are practical, simple to finish. If the beam is not profiled, it will need to be customized during construction.
Also on sale are materials of different humidity levels. Depending on this indicator, the level of shrinkage of the structure is determined. The choice of finishes for such a structure depends on it. Private or country houses from a bar of natural humidity can shrink 3-5% for 1.5-3 years. Dry timber was pretreated in a chamber furnace. Due to this, the level of its shrinkage is only 1-2%.
Houses from profiled timber with a minimum level of humidity will cost an order of magnitude more expensive than when using non-profiled material, which must still be properly dried. But the procedure for erecting such a structure will be much simpler and faster.
It is necessary to dry the timber so that it does not shrink and cracks do not appear on it. Sheathing a house with thermal insulation is necessary only after it sits down. For interior decoration, wood with a moisture level of not more than 15% is used, and for exterior - not more than 20%.
Design
The initial stage of construction work is design. This allows you to choose a design that will satisfy all the requirements of its owners. There are different designs of houses from timber. You can create a small building or a dimensional cottage with a large number of rooms. The number of floors may also vary. You can also build a house with an attic.
At the design stage, the type of soil in the area, the level of freezing, is taken into account. Next, designs of houses from timber are developed. Several options may be considered. This will allow you to choose the optimal type of design.
In the planning process, the type of foundation, the number of floors and their sizes are selected. The type of finish, the design of the roof is determined. The plan indicates the number of rooms, their location. After that, the location of water, sewer, electrical communications is indicated. A high-quality ventilation system is being developed. The materials that will be used to summarize the communications are indicated.
The plan indicates the materials from which the house will be finished from timber. They will be used for both indoor and outdoor decoration. In accordance with the previously created project, it will be necessary to calculate the optimal amount of materials for construction and finishing work.
Creating a project must be entrusted to professionals. This is a complex process that requires deep knowledge. Otherwise, a self-created project will not be allowed to be built. It will be unsafe to live in such a house. You can order a finished project or create an individual house plan. In accordance with this document, subsequent construction will be carried out.
Foundation
Assembling a house from a bar should begin with the arrangement of the foundation. From its quality and proper calculation depends on how long the house will be operated. At the same time, you can create the foundation yourself. This process will require a lot of time and effort, as well as a sufficient amount of suitable materials.
The type of foundation is selected in accordance with the type of soil, the weight of the structure and other factors. It can be tape, prefabricated, pile (columnar), screw or solid. About 30% of the total budget for construction work is spent on equipping the foundation.
The weight of the house from a bar is quite large. Therefore, he needs a solid foundation. If the house has a cellar or basement, you need to equip the tape type of foundation. This is a fairly solid structure, which will allow you to create both single-story houses from timber, and two-story types of construction. The strip foundation is the most common in private construction. It does not require the use of special equipment in the arrangement. At the same time, the strip foundation is very strong and can withstand heavy weight.
If the soil is moist, differs by a close occurrence of groundwater, the foundation should be pile. Concrete supports are installed in the prepared recesses. The easiest way to equip it on loose soil. In this case, even with significant freezing of the soil, the house will not be deformed. This type of foundation can be used for a two-story house made of timber.
If the building is small (cottage), you can fill in a solid foundation in the form of one slab. It will become a rough basis for the arrangement of the floor. If such a foundation is used for a large house, it will not be possible to equip a cellar. Also, construction will require large expenditures of building materials.
Foundation arrangement
You can build a house of timber yourself. It is necessary to consider the technology of this process. Construction begins with the arrangement of the foundation. Most often in this case, its tape variety is used.
First you need to mark on the surface of the site. You must adhere to a plan developed in advance. All sizes must be accurate. The designation of the location of the walls inside the structure is carried out. They will be carriers.
According to the created markup, you need to dig trenches. Their width should be 10 cm larger than the walls of the house. Immediately you need to dig a pit to create a cellar or basement. The depth of the trenches should be at least 70 cm. This level should exceed the freezing point of the soil in the area.
It will be easier to build a house from a beam with your own hands if you perform the work together with several assistants (especially if the building is large). When trenches for the foundation are created, a layer of sand (10 cm) must be poured into the bottom, and gravel (10 cm) on top. They are qualitatively aligned. Next, a layer of waterproofing is lined. It should go to the surface. The cement mixture is poured inside with a layer of 5 cm.
When the concrete layer dries, you need to create a removable formwork. It is made of boards 25 mm thick. They should be 40 cm above the ground level. The boards are fixed with special struts. It is also necessary to provide for the ventilation of the foundation.
Inside the formwork, a reinforced belt is laid. For this, metal rods with a cross section of 10 mm are used. They are laid along and across the space of the foundation. The places of their intersections are fixed with wire. The rods and formwork must not touch.
Next, pour cement mortar. It must dry thoroughly. The surface must be moistened. This allows concrete to gain strength.
Walling
To build a house from a bar, you need to consider the technology of walling. Less expensive is the wireframe method. However, most often used the classic technology of walling.
The first crown is laid on the foundation, which was previously covered with 2 layers of roofing material. The timber is treated with an antiseptic and fire fighting composition. The first part must be rigidly fixed to the base. An ebb will be attached to it.
The profiled beam has grooves for joining. This greatly simplifies the construction procedure. Each subsequent crown is collected only after installing the previous layer. If wood of a natural moisture level is used, every 2 crowns they are reinforced with pins. This will save the geometry of the structure during shrinkage.
Next, the roof of the house is built of timber. It consists of a rafter system and a roofing cake. Finishing material may be different. Based on this, and also taking into account the climate in the area, choose the angle of inclination of the slopes.
It also creates a ceiling and floor inside the structure. For this, different materials are used. Most often, preference is given to natural materials. However, tiles, laminate, etc. can also be used.
Warming
To build a house from a bar for permanent residence, it will need to be insulated with high quality. If the structure was built from a glued variety of materials, the decoration is started almost immediately after the erection of the building's box. Experts recommend still wait 4-6 months until the shrinkage is complete.
If wet material was used, home decoration should be done no earlier than after 1.5 years. Significant cracks may appear between the rows during shrinkage. Through them, warm air will quickly leave the room. In order not to overpay for heating, you need to fill up the cracks. This is a laborious and monotonous process. However, this cannot be dispensed with. For this, jute fiber is used. This process is carried out both inside and outside the building.
If a profiled beam was used during the construction process, this will not need to be done. Cracks will not appear after shrinkage of the material. Immediately the house is made of timber. To do this, the surface is varnished on the outside. Inside, you can also use paints and varnishes. In some cases, plastering is carried out and any varieties of decorative materials are used.
Before painting or plastering the walls will need to be sanded. This is a rather time-consuming process. Without the use of special equipment, it can stretch for several weeks. Only after polishing the surface can you start finishing wood.
The floor and roof are insulated with various materials. To finish the base, polystyrene foam is used. To create a roof insulation, roll materials are used. Most often it is mineral wool. It is an environmentally friendly material that is not subject to burning, does not emit harmful substances into the environment.
Completion of construction
Wanting to build a one- or two-story house from a bar, it is necessary to provide all the features of the arrangement of internal and external space at the construction stage. After creating the decoration, the main communications are carried out. Electrics must be open type. Looks retrospectively.
Water and sewage are brought to the house. If necessary, a septic tank is built next to the building. Only when the interior and exterior are fully equipped will the building be commissioned.
Having considered the features of building a house from a bar, reviews and recommendations of professionals, you can make the right decision about the possibility of creating such a cottage or a summer house with your own hands.