Several years ago, a state reform took place in Russia, during which the police were renamed the police. And in the previous year, it was decided to create a maritime police. This event should provide additional security measures for Russian vessels in foreign waters. It is important to understand the difference in the concepts of “police” and “police”, and also to know how these structures are organized in the state.
What is the police?
The police is a state system created to ensure order and security for citizens and society as a whole. Persons serving in law enforcement are called police officers.
The main task of the police is to identify and identify those responsible for all sorts of offenses and crimes. In addition, this structure performs a number of other functions: issuing weapons, assisting people who find themselves in difficult, sometimes critical situations, guarding objects, and maintaining road order.
For countries with a unitary device, a centralized police (Ukraine, France, Austria) is typical, and for federations it is decentralized (in the UK, in America). Centralized is usually subordinate to a single governing body.
The police belong to the executive branch of government in the state, however, persons involved in the investigation of offenses and sentencing are closely linked with the judiciary. In many countries, the police are part of the ministries of the interior, and in some others they are subordinate to the ministry of justice or a specially created one.
Police structure
The following units are usually referred to internal department organs:
- The Ministry of the Interior is the most important body subordinate to the president.
- Departments - manage according to some functional criteria (criminal investigation department, anti-crime department, etc.).
- Office of Internal Affairs - there are territorial or functional.
- Police department is a body within a department or internal affairs department.
How to become a policeman?
Police officers can be both men and women, who should also be good psychologists. There are special requirements for physical fitness and general health: there are restrictions on height and weight. As a rule, people of a certain age (for example, from 20 to 40 years old) can become police officers. When passing the test, possible applicants require psychological balance and emotional stability, as well as composure. In addition, a certain level of education is needed, the requirements for this in different countries may vary.
A police officer performs official activities in the bodies, he will be awarded a special rank. He is provided with official uniforms, a special certificate, badges, and he must also pass fingerprint registration.
Police and police - what's the difference?
To understand what the difference is, you need to turn to history. Both concepts are quite old.
Initially, the term "police" was deciphered as an unstable army, that is, a people's militia. Translated from Latin militis, it means "military." Police arose in the Roman Empire, and in the Middle Ages was an alternative to regular troops, being sometimes more effective. An example of such a militia is the US National Guard.
The word "police" is a "state" in translation from ancient Greek. That is, initially these concepts are closely related. In the middle of the XVIII century, Nicolas de Lamar published a treatise on the police, in which he connected public order with this term. The police as a law enforcement body appeared 70 years later in England.
The term "police" replaced the tsarist police after the February Revolution. The concept recognized the fact that law enforcement should not be carried out by a closed caste - the police, but by the whole people. Thus, the Bolsheviks emphasized the "nationality" of the new structure. Over the years, a new name has taken root, a lot of holidays, customs and even folklore on the theme of the police have appeared. But despite this, in 2011 in the Russian Federation there was a reform of the police into the police. It cannot be said whether this is good or bad, the main thing is that this structure should fulfill its functions.
Maritime police
In many countries of Europe and not only this division functions, for example, in Spain and Germany. The main task of the maritime police is the delivery and escort of goods on ships of the navy.
The Ministry of Defense of Russia decided to create this unit since 2019. Such detachments will ensure law and order during long ship stops at the port and monitor the absence of unauthorized ships on board. This is done in order to reduce the number of provocations on the water.
The first employees have already taken up their duties in the Northern Fleet.
In connection with the emergence of a new structure, the Ministry of Education should improve the quality of student training in engineering and technological specialties in higher military educational institutions.