The main purpose of ventilation is to update the air accumulated in the room. Ventilation is exhaust, providing air exhaust, supply - supplying fresh oxygen from the street, and supply and exhaust, which ensures the removal and supply of fresh oxygen. As a rule, this type of ventilation is equipped in the kitchen, bathroom and in places with a large number of people (restaurants, cafes), etc. It should be noted that the arrangement of this type of ventilation is not so easy. Such a system consists of a large number of parts: air ducts, cooler, air heater, filters, noise absorbers, various sensors (air temperature, level of carbon dioxide in the room, etc.). Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment is a rather complicated and multi-stage work, but if you have a certain knack and desire, you can do it yourself.
What is ventilation for?
The supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment is designed to ensure the movement of air flow in two directions - the receipt of fresh and exhaust exhaust.
In apartments, this role is played by open windows and windows, which are aided by the existing exhaust ducts of the kitchen and bathroom, providing local ventilation. However, for large apartments, such ventilation may not be enough.
The consequences of insufficient air exchange for humans can be as follows:
- lack of oxygen can lead to disruption of the cardiovascular and central nervous system;
- respiratory diseases worsen;
- there is a decrease in performance;
- humidity rises in the room;
- fungus and other pathogens develop in the air.
Signs of inadequate ventilation
- In summer it rises, and in winter humidity decreases relative to the natural background.
- In the kitchen, greasy plaque forms on the walls.
- Glass fogging occurs.
- A fungus appears on the walls in the kitchen and bathroom.
When these signs appear, it is worth thinking about organizing a forced supply and exhaust system in the apartment, since a lack of ventilation can harm health.
Ventilation calculation
Supply and exhaust ventilation systems for an apartment consist of 2 parts:
- A supply ventilation system that ensures the delivery of fresh air from the street, its heating, cleaning, and, if necessary, cooling.
- The exhaust system, which is popularly called simply "exhaust". This device provides the outflow of polluted air from the room.
The exhaust ventilation device is quite simple. It consists of an air duct and a mechanism for outflow of air. The installation of filters, coolers or heaters is not required here. The only thing you need is a noise absorber, because if the hood is powerful, noise will be generated from its operation.
The calculation of exhaust ventilation is as follows.
1. The volume of the room per cubic meter is calculated. m
2. The resulting figure is multiplied by 12.
Example of calculating exhaust ventilation:
- The kitchen area is 2x3 m, the ceiling height is 2.5 m. We calculate the volume of this room. In this case, it will be equal to 15 cubic meters. m
- We calculate the power of the hood. It is equal to 180 cubic meters. m / h (15x12).
To improve the operation of the hood, it is recommended to open the window or window. In order for the supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment to be more economical, complex options are used. In winter, the air discharged outside heats the incoming air into the room. To do this, use a special unit - a recuperator. It is a kind of heat exchanger where the air arriving from the street warms up without mixing with the air being discharged into the street.
Ventilation Design
Installation of supply and exhaust ventilation in the apartment begins with the design of the ventilation system. Before conducting the actual installation on paper, you must calculate:
- the number of meters of the pipe that will be required for the outflow of air;
- how much is needed for the flow of air ducts;
- determine the location of all nodes and think over all the details of the system;
- think over where air intakes and grilles will be installed.
At this stage, it is necessary to take into account not only the location, but also the dimensions of the ducts (in particular, the diameter of the pipes). It should be remembered that the larger the diameter, the greater the air flow. But modern apartments rarely have high ceilings, so it’s most likely that they will not be able to install wide pipes. The disadvantage of narrow ducts is the presence of high noise, therefore, when calculating the supply ventilation, as a rule, they seek a compromise between the size of the pipes and the noise indicators.
Features of installation, calculation
Do-it-yourself ventilation for an apartment is installed during the finishing work, after all the "dirty" construction works (plaster, putty) are completed, but before the ceiling is installed, since the main part of the ventilation system units is hidden there. As a rule, everyone is familiar with the principle of ventilation, but not everyone knows which components and assemblies should be installed. The installation options for air handling units are diverse: ventilation of the apartment by the supply and exhaust system from the floor, balcony, loggia, ceiling, as well as on the outer wall of the building.
The arrangement of nodes of this system consists of:
- Air intake valve.
- Air filter to clean intake air.
- Heater (heater). This unit turns on usually at low temperatures, when the outgoing air stream does not have time to warm the incoming one.
- A recuperator, which is a unit in which the incoming stream is heated. Install it to save resources.
- A cooling unit or air conditioner that is installed before exiting the air supply system. It is necessary to minimize the path through the chilled air ducts.
- If necessary, a fan and humidifier are installed along the flow paths.
- With a very high power supply ventilation and put a noise absorber.
In order for the supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment to work as efficiently and economically as possible, an automatic control unit is installed that turns on / off various units (for example, it turns off the heating unit in summer and turns on air cooling, and in winter, on the contrary, the air heats up).
How to determine the power and efficiency of ventilation?
For the installation of the ventilation system, the volume of air supplied and discharged must be calculated.
- On average 60 or more cubic meters must be supplied to living quarters, regardless of the number of people staying there. meters of fresh air per 1 square. square meter.
- In public places, the oxygen supply should be 60 cubic meters. m / hour for one person, constantly staying indoors and about 20 cubic meters. m / hour for each temporary visitor.
Standards for the frequency of air exchange for 1 hour in rooms for various purposes are given in SNiP 2.08.01-89 * "Residential buildings".
Checking ventilation performance
To make sure that the supply and exhaust ventilation for the apartment is properly equipped, you need to check the operation of the hood. This is done very simply: a sheet of paper or a lit match is brought to the ventilation grill . If the edge of the paper moves toward the grate, or the flame is directed into the ventilation duct, the system is working. If this does not happen, the channel is clogged. This may be caused by cobwebs or leaves falling into the duct. In this case, it is necessary to clean the channel.
Also, the air outlet in the apartment may not work if the neighbors during the repair blocked the channel. In this case, you should call a specialist to identify this place and resume traction.
The organization of proper ventilation in the apartment
Installation of plastic windows can cause poor ventilation of the apartment, condensation. To find a way out of the situation will help forced-air and exhaust forced ventilation in the apartment. The flow of fresh air can be enhanced by installing special valves on the balcony, loggia. The exhaust air will be drawn out through the ventilation grilles in the bathroom and in the kitchen. However, a more effective way is to install a decentralized exhaust structure on the facade wall inside the apartment. Air exchange occurs through the ducts in the wall. The heat recuperator allows you to reduce the cost of heating the apartment by more than 70%, and the filter purifies the air. The unit is quite simple, you can install it yourself without any difficulty.
Benefits of Heat Recovery Ventilation
The supply and exhaust system, as you know, has a low efficiency. To increase it, a heat recuperator is installed - a unit that provides energy saving in the room.
The supply and exhaust ventilation for an apartment with recovery works according to the following principle: the outgoing air does not immediately go outside, but gets into a special cassette in which it heats the clean air coming from the street to room temperature.
The advantage of this system is that heated comfortable air enters the room, the heating of which does not require additional energy.
System maintenance
This process can be divided into 3 stages:
- Care of exhaust ducts (periodic cleaning with replacement of filter cartridges).
- Maintenance of pressure equipment (fan care).
- Caring for additional equipment - heaters, recuperators, air conditioners, etc.