Kadashevskaya Sloboda - a historical and cultural area located in the Moscow region, was first mentioned as the village of Kadashevo and reached its peak under Alexei Mikhailovich. On its territory in Lavrushinsky Lane there is the famous State Tretyakov Gallery and a museum at the Church of the Resurrection of Christ.
The Ancient History of Kadashi
The Kadashevskaya settlement in Moscow was formed on a large road that passed through the Moscow River near the mouth of the Neglinnaya. The road, which has repeatedly changed its main route, passed near the modern Polyanka.
The historical center of the settlement was originally considered the church of St. Cosmas and Damian of Asia, located on the site of a modern square. She was near the crossing of the Moscow River.
Around the 15th century, a more modern center was formed on the eastern side near the Church of the Resurrection in Kadashi, the first mention of which dates from 1493. The temple building was rebuilt in 1680 and connects the bell tower of Ivan the Great with the Ascension Church in Kolomenskoye. It was in the following that Voskresenskaya street, passing near the temple, became the main street of Kadashi.
Between the 15th and 16th centuries, the Tolmachskaya Sloboda, previously located closer to the east of Ordynka, joined the territory of modern Kadashi from the south. The main street was Nikolaevskaya. During this period, the territory of Kadashi was completely built up, and settlements of Cossacks, archers, and also foreign mercenaries were formed. There was a lot of free space between the village of Kadashi and other villages, and the village itself was surrounded on all sides by a wooden fence.
There were several versions regarding who owned the outbreak. According to one version, it was a huge public pasture for livestock, located in the city, which at that time was considered a sign of the special situation of the village. According to another version, a large trading area was located on the territory.
Beginning in 1622, a weaving center was formed in Kadashi. The village became sovereign boorish, supplying patterned linen to the courtyard . Together with weavers and seamstresses, jewelers and artists worked. Thanks to exemption from duties and taxes, trade flourished. In 1658, Alexei Mikhailovich founded the sovereign Khamovny Dvor in the Kadashevskaya Sloboda settlement, which became one of the most significant ensembles of modern Moscow.
At the end of the XVII century, the settlement flourished, marked by the construction of temples, but soon it lost all its privileges and began to decline. Peter I, having founded a linen factory in Preobrazhensky, refused production in the Kadashevskaya Sloboda. In 1701, a mint began to operate on the site of the Hamovny Dvor. In addition to traditional money and new modern coins, special signs testifying to the payment of taxes were minted here.
Modern History of Kadashi
The master plan for the reconstruction of Moscow in 1935 implied the construction of a wide ceremonial boulevard, framed by large-scale neighborhoods-new buildings. However, this project was never implemented.
In 1973, local authorities approved the justification of several protected areas in the very center of Moscow, one of which was the Kadashevskaya Sloboda. Since that time, typical mass development was ruled out. Until the end of 1990, only the expansion of the Tretyakov Gallery was carried out.
In the period from 1990 to 2000, point construction was carried out in the village of Kadashi, distorting the architecture of the old settlement. High-rise buildings appeared on the site of 1-2-story buildings. And on the site adjacent to the Resurrection Church, the construction of a large
residential complex is planned
. Today there is a business center "Kadashevskaya Sloboda", which works in the field of business development.
Expansion of the Tretyakov Gallery and the destruction of the Kadashevskaya Embankment
Over the years, the Kadashevskaya settlement was gradually rebuilt. The master’s settlement was reconstructed for the first time in 1983, and it lasted until 2010. During this period, the Tretyakov Gallery expanded, and all the treasures of the museum were stored in the building of the Lavrushinsky depository.
At the end of 2007, plans were announced for the development of the northern part of the Tretyakov quarter and Kadashevskaya embankment. According to the existing project, the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery should be such that it does not merge with the general architecture, but precisely indicate the place where the main art gallery of the country is located.
In the postwar years, some houses were demolished on the waterfront, and the remaining buildings were declared a monument of architecture. In 1994, despite the indignation of the public, the architectural monument was demolished. In its place in 1999, then a 2-3-story facade was built.
What is the village of Kadashi famous for?
Kadashevskaya Sloboda - a settlement of weavers, which in ancient times was located in Zamoskvorechye. To get to the village, it was only necessary to cross the river opposite the Kremlin.
The village became known from the 18th century, but the story began much earlier. The village of Kadashi was mentioned in the will of the Grand Duke Ivan Vasilievich. The name of the village denotes its main production, as the locals made tubs. At one time, the cultural and educational center "Kadashevskaya Sloboda" was considered one of the most beautiful places in Zamoskvorechye. Despite the mass development, many old houses have survived to this day. However, if mass development will continue to be carried out, then the whole beauty of the village can be seen only in the paintings of artists and old photographs.
Features of the settlement
The area called Kadashi is mentioned in the will of Ivan III, drawn up in 1504. There are many opinions regarding the name of the village. Many believe that it reflects the main occupation of its inhabitants - the production of tubs, but this is not documented in any way. Perhaps the name of the village comes from the ancient word "kadash", meaning a friend who is a member of a free community.
The first information about the
production of weaving in the village of Kadashi dates from the beginning of the XVII century. At this time, the Khamov weavers made linen for the needs of the yard, while they lived in a separate settlement. She was one of the largest in Moscow. The inhabitants of the village were allocated a large plot of land, and depending on its size, the quantity and type of weaving products that they were obliged to make were determined.
Residents of the settlement enjoyed various privileges, which gave them the opportunity to engage in fishing, trade and even make trips abroad. In the Kadashevskaya settlement there were many rich people who built stone houses for themselves.
What became famous for the settlement
Kadashevskaya Sloboda is a modern, unique open-air museum located on the territory of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in the village of Kadashi. The museum got its name from the craft village, which was located in Zamoskvorechye opposite the Kremlin. The museum complex includes:
- Temple Monument of the Resurrection of Christ;
- the bell tower;
- museum exhibit located in several buildings;
- art and craft workshop.
Kadashevskaya Sloboda - a museum under the current church. It was founded in 2004 and it was based on unique archaeological finds discovered in the temple during repair work.
The main monuments and attractions of Kadashi
Kadashevskaya Sloboda is beautiful and quite unusual, photos can only partially convey the beauty of the complex, which is why it is worth visiting this amazing museum to see everything with your own eyes. This is where many amazing attractions are located. In addition to the Church of the Resurrection and the Tretyakov Gallery, in Kadashi you can see:
- ownership of the cloth factory Fedosya Evreinova;
- city estate of the 18th-19th centuries;
- Church of the Icon of Our Lady;
- a shelter for widows and orphans of Russian artists;
- Empire house of the merchant Savelyev.
The history of the Kadashevskaya settlement is quite ancient, and during all this time the village was rebuilt and modernized.
The main expositions
The exposition of the museum Kadashevskaya Sloboda consists of an old archaeological collection, as well as a general art, ethnographic and church section. The church section consists of a collection of unique crosses, namely altar, body, old believers, reliquaries. Also on the territory of the museum are domed crosses and metal bars from the destroyed temples, collected in the 30s. The collection also contains old printed church books, antique utensils, and priestly vestments.
The ethnographic section consists of expositions dedicated to the Moscow nobility and the life of merchants. Here you can also see painted spinning wheels,
homespun cloths, peasant clothes, a loom. You can learn about the life of local residents by the specially equipped Merchant's living room, in which the interior of the old living room of a merchant's house is reproduced to the smallest detail.
Many exhibits donated to the museum by the parishioners themselves, who seek to preserve the remnants of the color of old Kadashi and convey their beauty to visitors. Due to the constantly ongoing development, old estates and cozy side streets are gradually disappearing.
Church of the Resurrection
The temple in the village of Kadashi was originally made of wood and was first mentioned in a letter from the Moscow governor Ivan Yurievich Patrikeev. The stone temple was built in 1657, and then rebuilt several times.
Each tourist is surprised by the shape of this temple, its swiftness and airiness amaze. His bell tower seemed to stretch a little towards the sky. A tour of these picturesque places allows you to make a complete picture of this amazing historical corner of old Moscow.
Interesting and fascinating tour
The Kadashevskaya Sloboda Museum invites tourists who can see the greatest monuments of civil and church architecture, as well as learn many interesting and entertaining stories related to this area.
The tour passes through the proud Kadash, the famous Tolmach with a visit to the Tretyakov Gallery. During the tour, you can find out the history of the founding of the cultural complex, and the program also includes a visit to the Church of the Resurrection of Christ, where you can enjoy the view of unique exhibits.
Museum "Kadashevskaya Sloboda": address and reviews
To visit the historical and cultural complex, you need to know its address. It is located at 2nd Kadashevsky Lane, Building 7, metro station Novokuznetskaya, Tretyakovskaya.
The feedback from visitors to this museum is only the most positive. Tourists remember the warm, sincere, pleasant atmosphere prevailing in this complex. Thanks to a visit to the village of Kadashi, it is possible to find out a lot of interesting and useful information regarding the construction of the village and the life of local residents from the moment they were founded. It is worth visiting this amazing village to admire the local
architectural ensemble.