The long-awaited spring is just coming into its own, and gardeners and gardeners have long been actively preparing for the summer season. Some have sown seeds and are waiting for seedlings, while others acquire high-yielding varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses, preferring ready-made seedlings.
Summer residents are a keen people who dream of getting the earliest and most plentiful harvest. They exchange their experience in growing various crops and strive to find the best varieties of vegetables, fruits and berries. But today we are interested in high-yielding varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses. They will help you get a plentiful and early harvest in almost any region.
For most gardeners, tomato is a favorite vegetable. It is grown mainly in greenhouses and hotbeds (especially in the northern and central regions of Russia). Today, breeders offer gardeners many varieties of tomato. All of them are distinguished by a special taste, shape of the fruit, their color, various agricultural characteristics.
Nowadays, in almost every area you can see small neat houses made of transparent material. These are polycarbonate greenhouses. What is the advantage of these facilities?
Polycarbonate greenhouse
Growing tasty, healthy and environmentally friendly vegetables and fruits is the dream of any gardener. To achieve this, it is necessary to create a comfortable environment for plants. In this case, the greenhouse comes to the rescue of the summer resident. The traditional materials for building greenhouses are polyethylene and glass. But in recent years, a relatively new material - polycarbonate - has become increasingly popular.
Gardeners prefer it for many reasons, but one of the main ones is the ability to independently mount any structure from it without resorting to the help of specialists.
The main advantages of polycarbonate greenhouses include:
- maximum throughput of sunlight;
- resistance to mechanical damage;
- the possibility of giving the structure any shape;
- long term of operation (up to 20 years);
- moisture resistance;
- attractive appearance.
Such designs are successfully used in the northern regions of our country and in Central Russia, including the Moscow region. The best varieties for growing in such a greenhouse should be selected in accordance with some rules. Following them will help you grow a rich harvest. So, the recommendations of experienced gardeners:
- Get varieties resistant to the development of various microorganisms.
- It is necessary to opt for self-pollinated tomatoes. Insects do not have access to the greenhouse, so gardeners have to pollinate bushes on their own, and this sometimes causes difficulties.
- You should not grow several crops in one building: no matter what high-yielding tomato varieties for the greenhouse you choose, you will not be able to grow a good crop in this case.
Next, let's talk about the most popular products of breeders and agricultural firms.
Polycarbonate Greenhouse Tomatoes
All varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses are divided into two groups: indeterminate and determinant. Each of them differs in features of cultivation. You must familiarize yourself with them before purchasing seeds or seedlings.
Determinant varieties attract many greenhouse owners due to the small size of the bushes. Usually they grow to a certain brush, and then stop growing in height, giving all the nutritional components to the formation of fruits.
Openwork
This variety can be grown in any region of our country. Tomatoes are resistant to most diseases characteristic of this vegetable. Large red tomato, covered with a dense skin and has a very tasty and aromatic pulp with a sweetish aftertaste.
Spring of the north
These are pink tomatoes. The fruits are distinguished by a rather dense pulp and skin, which makes them easy to transport and store for a long time. The variety is resistant to diseases, however, this does not mean that you can completely abandon the care and regular feeding, which we will talk about a little later.
Indeterminate Varieties
These varieties can be grown throughout the year in greenhouses (with the exception of especially frosty winters). Such tomatoes are resistant to any temperature changes.
Octopus
If you can create a good heating system in the greenhouse, this variety can also be grown in winter. Bright red tomato has an oval shape. Some growers experiment with it, growing a real tomato tree.
Major
A great variety that allows you to grow a good harvest in any region of Russia. Bright red fruits are dense pulp, which allows them to be transported over long distances.
Varieties of tomatoes for the suburbs (for greenhouses)
We have already said that almost all greenhouse varieties can be grown in almost all regions of our country. And yet we want to talk about those that are popular in the suburbs.
Pink honey
Not surprisingly, the popular varieties of tomatoes for the Moscow region (for greenhouses) were developed by Russian specialists. This variety, for example, is the brainchild of West Siberian breeding. He has proven himself for growing in greenhouses. Large-fruited, mid-ripening variety with heart-shaped fruits, related to high-yielding. These are pink tomatoes with amazing taste. Fruits are tied not only on the bottom, but also on subsequent hands.
The weight of fruits from the lower brush can reach one kilogram. In the greenhouse, the bush grows to 1.5 m in height. Has few leaves, poorly resistant to disease.
Most vegetable growers believe that this is ideal for the Moscow region: great taste, huge tomatoes. For a polycarbonate greenhouse, the variety is especially good, but one drawback still exists - too thin branches can not withstand the weight of the fruit and break.
Cowhide Heart and Cowhide Heart Pink
Perhaps the most popular high-yielding varieties of tomatoes for greenhouses. Cowhide heart belongs to the varieties of medium maturity. The bush is strong, massive, up to 1.5 m high. Four to five brushes linger on the main stem. On each - four fruits weighing about 500 grams. Tomatoes are cone-shaped, painted in pink and raspberry color, very tasty and fleshy, suitable for salads.
Gardeners note that the varieties of this series are completely not whimsical to grow. An excellent harvest can be obtained even by beginners in vegetable growing.
And now we will introduce you a few more varieties that have proven themselves in many regions.
Evangelism
Blagovest tomatoes have been successfully cultivated in our country for a long time. Variety descriptions can be found in many gardening publications. This is a determinant plant of medium size. On average, the bush grows to 1.5 m. The plant needs a garter. From 7 to 9 selected fruits are formed on each brush. Tomatoes have a slightly flattened shape and smooth skin.
Fruits of red color weigh from 110 to 120 grams, have 2-3 seed chambers. They are consumed both fresh and used for marinades and pickles.
Intuition
Characteristics of tomato Intuition F1 is well known to many vegetable growers, since the variety is popular and in demand. It is famous for its very high productivity, ease of care. This is the first hybrid of domestic selection. The advantages of this variety include:
- high productivity;
- perfectly even fruit shape;
- excellent presentation;
- the ability to collect with brushes.
Kostroma
Tomato Kostroma F1 is a hybrid that is interesting not only to owners of utility plots due to the great taste and widespread use of fruits, but also to farmers who have chosen these tomatoes for their excellent presentation and precocity.
Recommended for film, glazed and polycarbonate greenhouses. It differs in an early and plentiful harvest (up to five kilograms from a bush).
Some greenhouse varieties of tomatoes (high-yielding) have rather impressive bushes. For example, Kostroma grows up to two meters in height.
Red tomato has a characteristic flat round shape. Fruit weight - 150 grams. Suitable for whole-canning, thanks to its excellent taste it is indispensable for fresh salads. The plant is resistant to changes in air humidity and temperature.
Rosemary F1
This is a wonderful hybrid of medium maturity, which pleases gardeners with productivity and excellent taste. Not only adults, but also children will like its slightly sweet taste. A feature of the variety is the possibility of using it in diet and baby food.
The fruits have a smooth pink skin and quite impressive sizes: the weight of one fruit reaches 500 grams. They have a slightly flattened, rounded, shape and slight unevenness at the peduncle.
Everyone who has already grown rosemary tomato in a greenhouse leaves enthusiastic reviews about it. This is a wonderful plant that can be advised not only by experienced growers, but also by beginners. The fruits are very tasty and fragrant, it is a pity that due to their size it is not suitable for canning.
Care Features
If you have not had a greenhouse for more than a year, then before planting tomatoes, you must sanitize the room. Greenhouses with a wooden frame are fumigated with sulfur. In a tightly closed greenhouse, sulfur must smolder for at least five days, destroying all harmful bacteria, insects, mold, fungi and other infections.
In greenhouses with a metal frame, sulfur cannot be burned, since it will cause metal corrosion, a disinfecting solution should be used: 400 g of bleach must be dissolved in 10 liters of water. Allow the composition to infuse for 4-5 hours and spray the composition of the greenhouse from the inside, and then tightly close the room for three days.
After this time, it is necessary to ventilate well and thoroughly clean the greenhouse with brushes. The metal parts of the structure are treated with boiling water, and the wooden parts are wiped with copper sulfate (solution).
Landing
For planting, seedlings, which turned 50 days old, are most often used. Three days before planting, three lower leaves are removed from the seedlings, leaving stumps about two centimeters long. The soil temperature in the beds (at a depth of 20 cm) should not be lower than +13 ° C, and the air temperature should not be lower than +25 ° C.
Priming
Experts recommend changing the soil in the greenhouse every five years. Despite fertilizers, the soil is depleted during this period. Moreover, every year in the off-season, the soil is disinfected with Bordeaux liquid (one percent solution), copper sulfate.
For early tomatoes, beds are prepared in the fall. The optimum height of the bed is 40 cm. For growing tomatoes, humus or sod land is suitable, in which for every square meter a tablespoon of potassium sulfate and Kalimagnesia, urea and sodium nitrate is added. To this composition add one and a half cups of wood ash.
Care
The first few days do not bother seedlings, and after 5 days you can carefully loosen the soil. When the fruits begin to pour, the temperature in the daytime should be in the range +24 ... +26 ° C, and at night should be +18 ° C. It is necessary to maintain humidity in the greenhouse at least 65%. Be sure to regularly ventilate the room. This is especially important during the flowering period of plants - at this time there should be no condensation on the walls. Too moist soil makes the fruit acidic and watery, reducing flesh.
For the appearance of the ovary, it is necessary to artificially pollinate the plants. Shake the brushes on a sunny day and immediately spray the flowers and soil with water so that the pollen on the pestle sprouts. After two hours, to reduce humidity, open the window in the greenhouse.
Watering
After planting, water the seedlings for ten days, so that it takes root, and not stretches in height. Before setting fruit, water the tomatoes often and plentifully (once every 5 days) at a flow rate of five liters per bush. During the fruiting period, watering is carried out up to three times a week, however, water consumption is reduced to three liters per bush.
Top dressing
Without exception, all high-yielding varieties of tomatoes (for greenhouses and not only) need regular top dressing. There should be at least four per season. The first time they feed tomatoes in twenty days. To do this, in a bucket of water it is necessary to dissolve half a liter of liquid mullein and a spoon (tablespoon) of nitrofoski. A liter of mixture is poured under each bush.
After another ten days, the following solution is introduced into the soil: a tablespoon of the same fertilizer, to which a spoon (teaspoon) of potassium sulfate is added.
After two weeks, dissolve a spoon of superphosphate and two tablespoons of wood ash (with a slide) in a bucket of water and pour the beds with the resulting composition.
During the ripening of the fruits in the greenhouse, to speed up the filling of the fruits, add another solution to the soil: one spoon (tablespoon) of liquid sodium humate and two tablespoons of superphosphate diluted in ten liters of water. Consumption - 5 liters per square meter. m