The modern market today offers a wide selection of building materials, among which glued beams are especially popular. It is characterized by excellent quality, good durability, excellent technical characteristics, ease of installation. For its manufacture, only high-quality wood is used (pine, spruce, cedar), due to which the beam has found wide application not only in private construction.
Large industrial structures are often erected from it: storage complexes, water parks, skating rinks, pools, etc. The use of this building material cannot be called a budget option, since the cost of one cube is about 50,000 rubles. But, despite this, the number of developers who prefer it, is increasing. In our article we will consider the features and dimensions of glued beams for building a house.
Purpose of lumber
Glued beams are divided into two main categories:
- Building material for building walls. This can be an ordinary beam and its warmed analog.
- Building material designed for various designs. This includes direct, bent, window glued beams, floor beams, etc.
Main advantages
Among the advantages of glued beams, the dimensions of which we will consider later in the article, we can note:
- The presence of high thermal insulation properties and low thermal conductivity, which allows not to use an additional layer of thermal insulation material during the construction of buildings, so that you can significantly save money on insulation.
- This is an environmentally friendly building material, since only high-quality adhesive compounds are used for its production. Glued beams are able to maintain optimal humidity in the room and have excellent antiseptic properties.
- Buildings constructed from this lumber have a long service life.
- The structure retains its geometric shape for many years and practically does not shrink.
- Thanks to processing with special materials, glued timber is characterized by increased fire resistance.
- Strength and seismic resistance make it possible to use this lumber for the construction of houses throughout almost the entire territory of Russia.
Dimensions of glued and profiled timber
This lumber should fully meet the requirements of GOST, SNiP and working drawings, which are accepted in the prescribed manner. When building a house, the size of glued beams is of no small importance.
Under the linear dimensions of the material understand, first of all, it:
The cross section of the material may be:
- rectangular;
- square;
- multifaceted.
If it is a square building material, for example, the size of the glued beam is 50x50, they often say “thickness”, since these parameters coincide.
Dimensions according to standards
GOST 17580-92 contains the main technical specifications, regulatory data and descriptions of glued beams. GOST 20850-84 includes additional requirements for this lumber.
According to these regulations, manufacturers offer the following sizes of glued beams (the values for profiled and non-profiled beams are indicated):
- width - 8-38 cm;
- height - 8-24 cm;
- length - from 1 to 12 m.
Size of spruce and pine timber:
- width - 8-28 cm;
- length - 6-12 m;
- height - 13.5-27 cm.
Depending on what kind of appearance the planned supporting structure will have, the type of section of the beam is chosen: oval, rectangular, etc.
The cross section of this material is taken with the given linkage, i.e., the calculation takes into account: assortment, machining, allowances. It is worth remembering that the thickness of the bar for the walls must be chosen according to the climatic conditions of the region, so that comfortable and optimal conditions for living are created in the room. The minimum diameter of logs for sawing into timber is 190 mm.
Timber size according to technical conditions
Since glued beams are made by gluing individual boards (lamellas), its size can vary significantly. That is why when considering the assortment of different manufacturers, one may encounter the fact that many of them have their own size range of products. This makes it easy to choose a thickness that will suit the construction in the best way. Moreover, it is possible to produce glued beams of non-standard sizes.
Size requirements
Quite stringent requirements are imposed on glued beams. Since this material is used not only for the erection of the main load-bearing elements of buildings, but also for the beam and roof rafters. The timber should be able to withstand significant vertical loads, withstand various effects of the external environment (not be rotted, ignited, etc.). In addition, it must be durable.
For these purposes, a typical beam is perfectly suitable , the cross section of which is at least 1/16 of the span. The optimal dimensions of glued beams for a winter home:
- section - 18x20 cm, 16x20 cm, 20x20 cm;
- beam length 6 and 12.5 m.
This is an ideal material for the construction of private houses of any size, despite the rather high cost. You can live in them, and at the same time heal, since a natural tree in a house creates a unique and healthy microclimate.
In winter, it is always very warm in such a house, and cool in the summer heat. All this saves money on heating, so using that material is very beneficial.
Scope of the beam, based on its size
The owners of the plots must choose for themselves what thickness the glued beam should be. The thicker the lumber, the better it will have thermal characteristics. But at the same time, the cost of more massive products is much higher.
As noted in the instructions, the height of the beams practically does not affect their characteristics. Only the number of crowns in a house of high timber is less. Such a house will look a little better, but the cost of its construction is slightly higher.
The main requirement for the length of the elements is their integrity, that is, there should be no joints of parts for the initial crown and wall ties before the construction of interfloor and attic floors.
The scope of lumber according to TU according to its size:
- Wall: 14 × 16, 14 × 24, 14 × 20, 17 × 20, 14 × 28, 17 × 16, 17 × 24, 17 × 28 cm.
- For floor beams: width from 95 to 260 mm, height from 85 to 1120 mm,
- Glued timber for window size: 80x80, 82 by 86 and 82 by 115 mm.
Wood species for the manufacture of glued beams
Glued beams can be made of one type of wood or combined from two grades. The main raw materials for the production of this building material are relatively inexpensive coniferous trees - spruce and pine.
Under the order for the manufacture of glued beams can also be used such conifers and deciduous trees, such as:
- fir;
- cedar;
- oak;
- Linden;
- larch;
- Birch;
- alder.
Glued beam weight
In the production of composite beams, considerable importance is attached to chamber drying of all components. Due to this, their weight is much less than that of analogues made of solid wood. On average, the weight of one cubic meter of glued beam can range from 430 to 480 kg. And one cube of edged material, which has natural humidity, is about 700 kg.
In this case, almost the same wood is used that has the same density. A significant difference in weight can be explained by the thoroughness of drying of this raw material. In glued analogue, the percentage moisture content is about 8%, and in whole wood products it is close to 20%.
Profiled beam
Manufacturers produce not only smooth glued beams, but also an analog, which has a castle longitudinal connection. In this case, the profile shape is different.
There are two main types of basic profile joints of wooden beams: Finnish and Swedish. It was they who became the basis for the invention of a large number of intermediate conjugations: “double”, “comb”, “triple”, etc.
Conclusion
So, we examined what the sizes of glued beams are. Both small-sized lumber 50x50 mm, intended for furniture, and its more massive wall counterpart, for example, 25 × 25 cm, have equally excellent quality. Glued beams are used today to perform many tasks - from the construction of houses to the manufacture of furniture.