Nekrasov’s poem “Who lives in Russia well” was created for more than ten years. It so happened that the last, fourth, was the chapter "Feast to the whole world." In the final, she finds a certain completeness - it is known that the author was not able to fully realize the plan. This was manifested in the fact that the author indirectly calls the happiest person in Russia. This is Grisha, who decided to devote his life to serving the people and his native country.
Introduction
In the chapter “Feast to the World”, the action takes place on the banks of the Volga River, on the outskirts of the village of Vakhlachina. The most important events have always happened here: holidays, and reprisals against the guilty. The great feast was organized by Klim, already familiar to the reader. Next to the wahlachs, among whom were the elder Vlas, the parish deacon Trifon and his sons: nineteen-year-old Savvushka and Gregory with a thin, pale face and thin, curly hair, the seven protagonists of the poem “Who Can Live Well in Russia” crouched. There were also people who were waiting for the ferry, the poor, among whom were a wanderer and a quiet mantis.
Local peasants gathered under the old willow for a reason. The chapter "Feast on the News of the World" is connected by Nekrasov with the plot of "The Last Man", which reports on the death of the prince. Wahlaks began to decide what to do with the meadows that they now hoped to receive. Not often, but still it happened that the blessed corners of the earth with meadows or fishing line fell to the peasants. Their owners felt independent of the headman collecting taxes. So the Wahlaks wanted to hand over the meadows to Vlas. Klim proclaimed that this would be enough to pay both the tax and the rent, which means that you can feel free. This is the beginning of the chapter and its summary. "Feast for the whole world" Nekrasov continues with Vlas's response speech and its characteristic.
The man of the kindest soul
So called Wahlaki Warden. He was distinguished by justice and tried to help the peasants, to protect them from the cruelties of the landowner. In his youth, Vlas hoped for the best, but any changes brought only promises or misfortune. From this elder became unbeliever and gloomy. And then all of a sudden the general fun swept him. He could not believe that now, and truth, life would come without taxes, sticks and corvee. The author smiles a good smile on Vlas with a ray of sunshine that has enriched everything around. And a new, previously unexplored feeling engulfed every man. To celebrate, they put another bucket, and the songs began. One of them, “funny”, was performed by Grisha - a brief summary will be given below.
Feast for the World includes several songs about hard peasant life.
About the bitter share
At the request of the audience, the seminarians remembered the folk. It tells of how defenseless people are in front of those on whom they depend. So the landowner stole a cow from a man, the judge took away the hens. The fate of children is unenviable: girls are waiting for the housekeeper, and boys have a long service. The repeating refrain sounds bitter against the background of these stories: “Glorious people live in holy Russia!”
Then the Wahlaks sang their native - about corvee. The same sad one: the people’s soul has not yet been invented.
"Corvée": a brief summary
“Feast for the whole world” tells about how the wahlach and their neighbors live. The first story about Kalinushka, whose scars "decorate" her back - was often snapped heavily - and her belly was swollen from chaff. Out of hopelessness, he goes to a tavern and drowns out grief with wine - this on Saturday he comes round to his wife.
The following describes how the inhabitants of Vakhlachina suffered at the landowner. During the day they worked as hard labor, and at night they expected messengers sent for girls. From shame they stopped looking into each other's eyes and could not say a word.
The neighboring peasant reported how in their parish the landowner decided to slaughter everyone who said a strong word. They got it - after all, a peasant can’t do without him. But having received freedom, they cursed ad libitum ...
The chapter "Feast to the World" continues with a story about a new hero - Vincent Alexandrovich. At first he served under the baron, then went to the plowman. He told his story.
About the faithful slave Jacob
Polivanov bought a village for bribes and lived in it for 33 years. He became famous for cruelty: having married his daughter, he immediately carved the young and drove him away. With other landowners did not meet, was greedy, drank a lot. The serf Jacob, who faithfully served him from an early age, for no reason beat his heel in the teeth, and that gentleman in every possible way groomed and appeased. So both lived to old age. Polivanov’s legs began to hurt, and no treatment helped. They remained entertained: to play cards and visit the landowner's sister to visit. Jacob himself carried the master and drove away. For the time being, everything went peacefully. Yes, only Grisha’s nephew had grown up and wanted to get married. Hearing that the bride was Arisha, Polivanov was angry: he laid eyes on her. And he gave the groom to recruit. Strongly offended, Jacob washed down. But the master was embarrassed without a faithful servant, whom he called his brother. This is the first part of the story and its summary.
"Feast for the whole world" Nekrasov continues the story of how Jacob decided to avenge his nephew. After a while, he returned to the master, repented and began to serve further. That's just the gloom became. Somehow, the master servant brought a visit to his sister. On the way, he suddenly turned towards the ravine, where there was a forest slum, and stopped under the pine trees. When he began to pull the horses, a frightened landowner prayed. But Jacob only laughed evilly and replied that he would not become dirty with his murder. He fastened the reins on a tall pine and his head in a loop ... Barin screams, rushes about, but no one hears. A serf hangs over his head, sways. Only the next morning the hunter saw Polivanov and drove home. The punished master only wailed: “I am sinful! Execute me! ”
The debate about sinners
The narrator fell silent, and the men argued. Some spared Jacob, others - the gentleman. And they began to decide who was the most sinful of all: taverns, landowners, peasants? The merchant Eremin called the robbers, which caused Klim's indignation. Their argument soon grew into a fight. To reconcile the merchant and the peasant, Ionushka, the mantis sitting until then, quietly decided. He told his story, which will continue the summary of the chapter "Feast to the whole world."
About pilgrims and pilgrims
Ionushka began with the fact that there are many homeless people in Russia. It happens that they beg for whole villages. Such people do not plow and do not reap, and the settled peasants are called the humps of the granary. Of course, among them are the wicked, such as the pilgrim pilgrim or pilgrims who tricked themselves into approaching the lady. The old man, who undertook to teach girls how to sing, is also known, but only outdid them all. But more often wanderers are people who are not evil, like Fomushka, who lives in a divine way, is surrounded by veggies and eats only bread.
Ionushka also spoke about Kropilnikov, who came to Usolovo, accused the villagers of atheism and urged them to leave for the forest. The wanderer was asked to submit, then they were taken to prison, and he kept repeating that he would face grief and an even harder life. Frightened residents were baptized, and in the morning soldiers came to the neighboring village, from which the nightingales also got. So the prophecy of Kropilnikov came true.
In "Feast for the World" Nekrasov also includes a description of a peasant's hut, in which a visiting wanderer stopped. The whole family is busy with work and listens to measured speech. At some point, the old man drops the bast shoes that he was repairing, and the girl does not notice that she pricked her finger. Even the children freeze and listen, dangling their heads from the bat. So the Russian soul has not yet been explored, it is waiting for the sower, who will show the right path.
About two sinners
And then Ionushka told about the robber and the pan. He heard this story in Solovki from Pitirim's father.
Outraged 12 robbers led by Kudeyar. They robbed and killed many. But somehow the conscience woke up in the ataman, he began to see the shadows of the dead. Then Kudeyar Yesaul stopped, he beheaded his mistress, dismissed the gang, dug a knife under an oak, and distributed the looted wealth. And he began to take away sins. He wandered and repented a lot, and when he returned home, he settled under an oak tree. God took pity on him and proclaimed: He will be forgiven as soon as he cuts down a powerful tree with his knife. For several years, the hermit cut the oak in three girths. And somehow a rich pan rode up to him. Glukhovsky grinned and said that you need to live by his principles. And he added that he worships only women, loves wine, ruined many lackeys, and sleeps peacefully. Kudeyar seized anger, and he thrust his knife into the chest of the pan. At that moment, a mighty oak tree collapsed. Thus, the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” shows how the former robber receives forgiveness after the punishment of evil.
About peasant sin
We listened to Ionushka, thoughtfully. And Ignatius again noted that nevertheless the most serious sin is peasant. Klim was indignant, but then he said: "Tell me." That's the story men heard.
One admiral received eight thousand souls from the empress for faithful service in the possession of. And before his death he handed the elder a casket in which he had his last wish: to let all the serfs free. But a distant relative arrived, who, after the funeral, called to the headman. Upon learning of the casket, he promised Gleb free and gold. The greedy elder testament burned and doomed all eight thousand souls to eternal bondage.
The wahlaks made a noise: "Indeed, a great sin." And all their past and future hard lives appeared before them. Then they calmed down and suddenly pulled together the Hungry. We offer a brief summary ("Feast for the whole world" by Nekrasov seems to fill the centuries-old suffering of the people). There is a tormented man to a strip of rye and calls her: "Matriarch, mother, eat the carpet with the mountain, I will not give it to anyone." As if with a gut of their starving, they sang the song Wahlaki and went to the bucket. And Grisha unexpectedly noticed that the cause of all sins was to grow. Klim immediately cried out: “Down with the Hungry.” And they began to talk about lining, praising Grisha.
"Soldier"
It was getting light. Ignatius found sleeping on the logs and called Vlas. The rest of the men approached, and having spotted a man lying on the ground, they began to beat him. To the question of the strangers, for which they answered: “We do not know. But it’s so punished from Tiskov. ” So it turns out - since the whole world has been ordered, then there is a fault for him. Then the housewives carried cheesecakes and geese, and everyone attacked on food. The Wahlaks amused the news that someone was riding.
On the cart was Ovsyannikov, familiar to everyone - a soldier who made money by playing on spoons. They asked him to sing. And again a bitter story broke about how the former warrior tried to achieve a well-deserved retirement. However, all the wounds he received were measured with the tops and rejected: second-rate. Klim sang along with the old man, and the people a penny and a penny got him a ruble.
The end of the feast
Only in the morning began to disperse wahlaki. They brought home their father and Savvushka with Grisha. They walked and sang that the happiness of the people lies in freedom. Next, the author introduces the story of the life of Tryphon. He did not hold households, eating what others would share. The wife was caring, but she died early. Sons studied at the seminary. This is its summary.
"Feast for the whole world" Nekrasov concludes with a song by Grisha. Bringing the parent home, he went to the fields. He recalled in his loneliness the songs that his mother sang, especially Salty. And not by chance. You could ask for bread from the Wahlaks, but salt was only bought. Forever sunk into the soul and study: the housekeeper didn’t feed seminarians, taking everything for himself. Knowing well the difficult peasant life, Grisha, already at the age of fifteen, decided to fight for the happiness of the wretched but dear Vakhlachina. And now, being influenced by what he heard, he was thinking about the fate of the people, and thoughts poured out into songs about an early reprisal against the landowner, about the difficult fate of the barge hauler (he saw three loaded barges on the Volga), about a wretched and abundant, powerful and powerless Russia, whose salvation he saw the power of the people. A spark lights up, and a great army rises, embodying an indestructible force.