The most affordable and effective waterproofing has always been bitumen treatment of both brick and concrete structures, and tanks, wooden beams, metal pipes and other building materials. This is a universal type of insulation.
Previously, there were frequent difficulties in applying - bitumen had to be melted and applied while it was still hot. Now there are no such problems due to the use of solvents. Mastic consumption during waterproofing works is about 2-3 kg / m 2 , it is produced in finished form. For application, the participation of no more than two people.
It is also worth noting that this coating used to crack and break at a low temperature. Now this problem has been solved with the help of various polymer additives and plasticizers. So the development of chemistry had a positive impact on the quality of the product and the performance of work.
Types of Mastics
Bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation is divided into many different types. They have differences in solvents, binders, application methods, composition and uses. Conventional polymer variants are rarer and lose bitumen in their characteristics. Among the main types are the following:
- The primer, or emulsion composition, is the water mass of finely ground bituminous dust, the main application is the preparation of surfaces for rolled material or mastic of another type.
- The polymer mass, in the composition of which - fillers of various types, such as minerals, rubber crumb. Polymer elements are mandatory components, which can be polyurethane or polystyrene.
- Rubber mastic has high heat resistance and excellent elasticity with low viscosity, which makes it possible to thoroughly wet the concrete base.
- Rubber insulation contains dispersed emulsion or rubber crumb. In some cases, hot application is required.
- Building bitumen requires heating to a certain temperature to give the required elasticity.
- Mastic with mineral additives , asbestos, ash, cement or chalk may be present in its composition.
What is waterproofing for?
The house itself and the materials used must be protected from melting snow, moisture, capillary and groundwater, regardless of which foundation technology was used. Bitumen mastic will make it inexpensive and practical. Such a measure will help to prevent moisture from entering the basement and extend the service life.
The porous structure of concrete quickly absorbs water, which is why damp penetrates the building and causes mold and mildew. In addition, over time, reinforcement also begins to undergo corrosion, contributing to the occurrence of cracks in the structure. A quality foundation, protected from moisture, is a guarantee of long-term operation of the whole house.
Dampness can have a different degree of influence on the foundation, it depends on the presence of the basement, type of soil, water level. Special protection is required for structures in the following cases:
- when erecting a building on waterproof soil;
- if the foundation has a lower mark at the water level;
- if the distance to groundwater is less than one meter.
Bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation: features of working with the material
White spirit, gasoline and toluene are the most common solvents. That is why indoors when working with such means, compliance with safety rules is required, in particular the use of glasses and respirators. The use of the latter is also desirable outdoors, provided the weather is hot.
Bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation is made mainly without the use of organic type solvents, which is undoubtedly convenient, since this makes contact with thermal insulation coatings made of polystyrene foam and polystyrene possible. Also, they do not emit toxic and flammable vapors.
The material may contain reinforcing particles: fiberglass elements, a variety of fibers. By appointment, you can meet universal mastics, for repairing the roof, for work with the road surface, for fixing the rolled material, for waterproofing.
What you should pay attention to
In stores, mastics of a universal type are mainly presented, suitable for various works. But for an optimal result, the selection of material that is created for the intended operating conditions is desirable. This can be a waterproofing tape, mastic for coating brick or steel pipes, a composition for waterproofing a roof or foundation, and others.
Bitumen-polymer materials are characterized by better performance characteristics, they have excellent adhesion to various materials, whether it is roofing material, stone or wood, and also form an elastic reliable film coating that does not change its chemical and physical properties over a wide temperature range.
It is worth noting the durability and increased resistance to mechanical stress, because of this, such waterproofing of the foundation is somewhat more expensive. The price differs from different manufacturers, but on average it starts at 360 rubles per package (17 kg).
Amount of material required
Mastic consumption is one of the important indicators. This parameter can be found on the product packaging. In its absence, the minimum recommended layer should be noted, which will allow you to calculate the approximate amount of composition for work. Mastic usually contains from 20 to 60% of solvents, respectively, shrinkage after distribution will make up a similar percentage spread. Consumption can reach up to 4 kg / m 2; if the foundation is waterproofed, the price of work increases because of this, especially taking into account the fact that hot mastic is spent a little faster. To achieve the required coating thickness, the material is rolled into several layers, each of which is applied after the previous one has completely dried.
Sealing tape
Waterproofing tape is an elastic, waterproof material, not subject to the influence of freezing temperatures and withstanding significant water pressure. The base is polyester knitwear coated with a thermoplastic polymer. The mesh structure of the knitwear provides reliable fastening.
The combination of facing and tape forms a surface that is not affected by salt solutions, acids and alkalis. The material is resistant to aging and has an excellent level of elongation. It can be used both for outdoor and indoor use.
Self adhesive tape
The use of a tape for waterproofing a self-adhesive type is possible in bathrooms, bathrooms and other internal works. It consists of a non-woven material with an insulating polyethylene coating, and an adhesive one-sided surface with an acrylic base. It is also used together with compositions for waterproofing in places of possible cracks and stress concentration, at the joints, in the place where the floor and wall are mated, at the outer and inner corners.
Preliminary work
The surface of the foundation after the concrete has completely matured is thoroughly cleaned of dirt, dust and sand. To improve adhesion, the place of intended application of the mastic is processed using a bitumen primer. An additional layer is required if the bulk of the existing composition has been absorbed into the material. The thickness of the coating is determined by the intensity of the black tone, in which the treated surface is painted. With the help of a roller or maklovitsa, a primer layer is distributed.
Processing technology
The main layer can be applied after a day after using the primer. Any bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation is suitable for work. Too thick can be diluted with white spirit using a drill and mixer to mix. If the work is carried out at low temperatures, the composition is heated in metal form to 40-60 degrees. Use extreme caution and avoid contact of an open flame and the resulting fumes.
Bitumen waterproofing is carried out using a spatula, roller or a special brush. The layer should be moderately thick, without the formation of sagging. To facilitate the work, you can use the long handle for the roller.
When using a bitumen-polymer product that does not contain organic solvents, an insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam or foam can be fixed on top. These materials are glued to mastic with solvents only after it has completely dried, otherwise there will be corrosion of the structure of the plates and their warpage at the joints.
Advantages of cold application products
Modern bitumen mastic for waterproofing the foundation, GOST 30693 2000, has several advantages, among which it is worth noting the long shelf life, ease of application and reasonable cost. This material forms a tight single seamless coating, which, due to the presence of plasticizers and other additives, does not deteriorate with decreasing temperature and has sufficient durability and strength. But if the application of the composition is within the power of everyone, then in each specific case only the specialist should determine the applicability. This also applies to the period of operation, layer thickness and type of material.