If there is a need to heat a low-rise residential building, then the use of special furnace structures is traditionally chosen.
Need to use
Ceramic brick, the characteristics of which are not suitable for the construction of a furnace, is not able to withstand the effects of high temperatures. The most suitable material for this design is kiln brick, which has unique technical characteristics. Among them, we can distinguish resistance to high temperatures. Such products are used to create shells that isolate open fire and protect structures from destruction.
Silicate brick characteristics are also not suitable. Heat-resistant brick has a special purpose, it is used for cladding the inner surfaces of industrial and domestic furnaces. This building material is used to create stationary structures like barbecues and barbecue.
general description
If you will use kiln bricks (for characteristics see below), it is important to remember that it must meet certain requirements. Among them, one can distinguish heat resistance from 1000 degrees without loss of properties. Low thermal conductivity, which provides protection for building structures, is also important. It is impossible not to highlight the heat resistance of products, which allows the brick to withstand a large number of cooling and heating cycles. The described products are energy storage. In other words, the brick heats up quickly and gives off heat to the environment.
The kiln brick, the characteristics of which will be presented in the article, consists of refractory clay, graphite, large fractions of quartz powder, as well as coke powder. Such products are made by semi-dry pressing, the technology involves the completion of several stages. The first is the preparation of raw materials, during which clay is crushed and kneaded. After the introduction of the mixture, the mixture is brought to a homogeneous state. During this process, about 10% water is added to the composition to achieve the desired moisture level.
Brick, the characteristic of which will be excellent, in the form of finished mass is placed in the hopper, and from it enters the dispenser. After the brick is molded, it is fed to the lower mold punch in the form of a press. The upper part of the latter lowers and puts pressure on the product, which will be enough to seal. After the process is completed, the block is pushed out of the mold onto the platform.
The final stage
The pressing process is repeated again, and the product is sent for firing, which occurs at a temperature of 1000 degrees.
When kiln bricks are made, the characteristics of which should be known to every craftsman, preliminary drying is excluded and production time is reduced. This method is cheaper compared to plastic molding.
Full Body Characteristics and Density
Ceramic brick, the technical characteristics of which are not too suitable for creating a furnace, it is better to leave for the construction of a house. The physical and chemical properties of products are determined by the manufacturing method and composition of the raw materials. For the construction of stoves, as well as fireplaces for industrial or domestic purposes, a solid brick is used. As for density, it acts as one of the most important parameters. Verification of these characteristics is carried out in accordance with the methodology established by GOST 24468-80. During measurements, the total porosity and apparent density are determined. The most optimal ratio between these parameters manages to achieve maximum strength and resistance to negative conditions.
Strength characteristics
The kiln brick, whose characteristic is determined by the manufacturing technology, is exposed to high temperature and even an open flame. The tensile strength of products depends on compliance with the recipe, brand and production technology. Fireclay brick has the highest tensile strength, the brand of this product is SHAK, the mentioned indicator is equivalent to 23 N / mm 2. Such products are widely used for laying technological and domestic stoves, as well as for operating fireplaces installed in houses. If you want to purchase kiln bricks, a strength profile should be crucial.
Temperature Limit Reviews
According to experts, the fireboxes of fireplaces and domestic stoves come in contact with open fire, as for pipes and chimney channels, they are heated to impressive temperatures when they come in contact with combustion products. All materials used for the construction of structures must have a high temperature limit. Consumers most often choose bricks that have maximum heat resistance, their temperature limit is in the range from 1630 to 1730 degrees. For laying other components of fireplaces and stoves, material is used, to which not so stringent requirements are imposed. Experienced stove makers advise using material that can withstand temperatures of 700 degrees for chimneys.
Thermal Conductivity Reviews
The kiln brick, the technical characteristics of which are presented in the article, must have a certain level of thermal conductivity. If it is as low as possible, it is possible to protect adjacent building structures from exposure to high temperatures. If we are talking about chamotte brick, then the mentioned parameter for it varies in the range of 1.8 - 1.9 W / (m * ° C). Magnesite brick demonstrates thermal conductivity from 2.6 to 2.8. For dinas bricks, this limit is 1.95.
Chromomagnesite products have the highest thermal conductivity, which varies from 1.75 to 2.85 W / (m * ° C). As users note and as the above figures confirm, it is fireclay brick that has less thermal conductivity. Therefore, it became widespread in construction. Such products are able to reliably protect the structure from exposure to high temperatures.
Reviews of resistance to adverse conditions
The kiln brick is full-bodied, the characteristics of which are important to study before purchasing a product, must have a certain resistance to aggressive environments. The latter include combustion products and fire. Alkalis and acids will not affect the surface of the brick, therefore, requirements for this indicator are not presented to them. If we take into account the composition, it is worth noting that refractory fireclay bricks should not be used in those designs where the surface can come into contact with an acidic environment. According to customers, this can cause premature destruction of the structure.
Water Absorption Reviews
Fire-resistant brick is made using clay, in the process of firing, the structure is covered with pores. Voids contribute to high water absorption of water from the environment or in contact with it. Depending on the type of product, bricks are able to accumulate up to 30% of the liquid of its volume. This indicator can be called very impressive for building material. Consumers emphasize that this property should be considered if there is a need to store or store the brick. You must exclude the presence of products on open sites for a long time, this is especially true if snow or rain can affect building materials. Under such conditions, the brick runs the risk of losing its strength and other characteristics.
Masonry technique
The strength of the masonry will depend on the quality of the brick, how it was laid, and also on how correctly the solution was prepared. It is important to comply with the technology, which involves the need for wetting products. If in the process of work a common array is obtained by the type of monolith, then the quality of the masonry will be reliable. Continuous vertical seams should be excluded, ensuring their ligation, only then you can count on strength. The walls of the structure must be gas tight, so smoke will not penetrate into the room.
You need to use a clay solution, after wetting each product. Apply the composition by hand. The trowel is used when laying walls outside. You can decompose the solution on the surface of the brick without gaps, laying the products in place. After laying, the unit must be moved back and forth, it will be necessary to get rid of excess composition. The same principle must be followed when laying the following products. After you remove the brick from the water, it should be laid on the solution, slightly raising the back side. The product should not be immediately horizontal. This will allow you to dial the solution with a stick face and move it into place.
The nuances of the work
The characteristics of building bricks necessarily imply soaking products. The block can only be rinsed, however, the masonry must be done faster. A slightly damp brick will absorb moisture faster, the solution will dehydrate and thicken.
If you do not have enough skills, then with this approach you can get thick stitches. In this case, it is recommended to enlist the help of a second person who will spread the mortar on the surface of the brick.
Facing bricks, the characteristics of which differ from the kiln, are laid according to the same technology. However, conventional cement mortar can be used. It is better to wet the products with a washcloth or rag, expose to moisture the part on which the next block is supposed to be laid. The solution needs to be applied on a bonded face with a brick or trowel.
If you have to work with refractory material, then you need to rinse it a little with water. Seams can be made in many ways. If, after completion, the masonry is supposed to be covered with plaster, then the seams should be made empty, while they are not filled with mortar to a depth of 10 millimeters. In the process of applying the plaster, the solution will flow into the joints and adhere well to the surface.