Orlovites writers: list, short biography, date of birth, chronology, famous works, literary places and museums of writers

The eagle presented the world with many great Russian writers, poets and other cultural figures. Little is known that such famous writers as Fet, Turgenev, Leskov and many others were born precisely in this glorious region, and the Oryol writers themselves with trepidation and love belong to their homeland.

Ivan Turgenev

The biography of the Oryol writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev begins in 1818. Memories of childhood left a deep imprint on the writer's work. At an early age, sympathy for those around him, a love of nature and hostility to serfdom arose in him.

Turgenev studied in St. Petersburg, Moscow and abroad. In 1842 he received the title of Master of Philosophy. Acquaintance with V. G. Belinsky changed his life: Turgenev devoted it to literature.

In 1847, the first issue of the Sovremennik magazine was published with the story “Ferret and Kalynich,” which will later go into the cycle of the now known “Notes of the Hunter”. In view of the anti-serfdom sentiments that oozed the author’s democratically inclined stories, the writer was arrested and exiled to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo.

After a long stay in exile, Turgenev returns to St. Petersburg. In the 1850s, the most significant works of the writer from the Oryol region were published: Mumu, Asya, Rudin, and The Noble Nest. It is these stories that brought the author fame.

In the 60s, revolutionary moods intensified in the country, which led to the writer’s break with Sovremennik, but democratic ideas can still be traced in his work. A vivid example of this is the novels “Fathers and Sons” and “The Eve”, around which heated debate arose. Turgenev was forced to live abroad until the 70s.

Despite the stormy activity, the writer yearns for his homeland. In 1876 he returned and worked on the novel "Nov". Turgenev understands that he wants to stop wandering and live out his life in his native land.

In 1882, Ivan Sergeyevich fell ill, and a year later he died in France from spinal sarcoma.

The writer's work is saturated with love for the Oryol region. Now, in Orel, a monument to the famous writer, as well as the museum of the writer-Orlovites Turgenev. In addition, the Spasskoye-Lutovinovo Museum-Reserve of I. S. Turgenev is located in the Mtsensky District.

Nikolay Leskov

The list of Oryol writers is replenished by the talented prose writer Nikolai Semenovich Leskov. The writer is known for such works as “Left-Handed”, “Nowhere”, “On Knives”, “Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk Uyezd”, “Soborians”, “Waster”.

Leskov was born on February 4 in 1831 in the village of Gorokhovo, Oryol Uyezd. The writer of the Oryol region was the eldest son among four more children. At 10, Nikolai was sent to study at the Oryol Provincial Gymnasium.

In the service of a private agent at Shkott & Wilkins, Leskov spent 3 years traveling around Russia: it was these trips that inspired him to write.

In 1860 it was already published in the Economic Index, Modern Medicine, and St. Petersburg Gazette. At the beginning of his career, Nikolai created under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky, and also used many other names.

A year later, Leskov moved to St. Petersburg, where he began to publish his notes and articles in local magazines.

Leskov died in 1895 from an attack of asthma, which tormented him the last few years of his life.

The eagle remembers the Orlovites writer: a monument to Nikolai Leskov was erected here, as well as the writer’s house-museum.

Ivan Bunin

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was brought up at home until the age of 11, and in 1881 went to the Yeletsk district gymnasium, but after the winter holidays in the 4th grade, he announced to his parents that he did not want to return. He tries to write the first poems as early as 8 years old, and by the age of 17 he writes more serious works and is published in print.

Ivan Alekseevich is not a famous Orlov writer. He was born in Voronezh. However, the great writer spent at least three years in Orel, which he spoke warmly of in his memoirs. Oryol writers and poets, as well as local nature, have largely influenced the writer's work.

In 1920, Bunin emigrated to France. All these years, the writer keeps a diary called "Cursed Days", in which he poured out all his hatred for the Bolsheviks. In France, Ivan gives lectures and prints journalism. Bunin leads an active public life and is doing his best to help writers and Russian immigrants. Ivan Alekseevich is engaged in violent literary activity, which made him one of the main figures of the Russian foreign countries. Ivan Bunin for his life received many literary and socially significant prizes.

The writer died in Paris in 1953.

Fedor Tyutchev

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev takes pride of place in the list of Oryol writers and poets. Born in 1803 in the village of Ovstug, Bryansk district, Orel province, he spent all his childhood in these parts.

While studying at Moscow University, Tyutchev belonged to the circle of S. E. Raich, which was characterized by a combination of an academic school of literature with a manifestation of interest in the political life of the country. Pre-Decembrist sentiments were close to the young Tyutchev. The poet begins to print in the North Lear and Galatea.

In the spring of 1822, Fedor was appointed supernumerary secretary of the Russian mission in Munich. During this period, the poet’s poems raise the question of the meaning of life: the writer is embarrassed and confused, a keen sense of the tragedy of human life breaks the poet’s soul, prompting reflection on the meaning of the personality on a global scale. In addition, Tyutchev’s thoughts turned to the fate of the Motherland, which also worries him a lot.

After spending 22 years in Italy and Germany, Fedor Ivanovich returns to Russia, to St. Petersburg. Every summer, the poet visits his native Ovstug, who did not leave his heart even after so many years. In 1855, wounded by the sight of poor Russian villages, he wrote the heartbreaking poem "These Poor Villages," which was soon heard throughout the country.

In the small homeland, in Ovstug, the poet wrote the works “The Enchantress of the Winter”, “There is in the original autumn” and many others. The poet himself never sought popularity and did not take to heart the literary role of his poems. Only in 1854, yielding to the persuasion of I.S. Turgenev, Fedor Tyutchev selects several of his works for a separate publication, which later will bring the poet great fame.

Orel writer and poet died in 1873 in St. Petersburg, where he was buried.

Athanasius Fet

The writer of the Oryol region Afanasy Afanasevich Fet was born in the village of Novoselki, Mtsensk district in 1820. His love of poetry appeared quite early on: Athanasius tried to compose from childhood, translating nursery rhymes from German.

At the end of the boarding house, Fet enters the verbal department at Moscow University. Soon he begins to publish his poems in the magazines Moskvityanin, Domestic Notes and Library for Reading. The poet’s talent was recognized even by the great critic and writer V. G. Belinsky, and already in 1840 the poet published his collection “Lyric Pantheon”.

At this period came the heyday of the work of Athanasius Afanasevich. He writes love and landscape lyrics: “A Wonderful Picture”, “Bacchanal”, “Sad Birch”, “At the Dawn You Don't Wake It” and many others.

In the 50s, Fet became close to Sovremennik; his poems often appeared on the pages of the magazine. Feta's new collections have been released, highly regarded in the literary environment.

In 1860, Fet bought a plot in Mtsensk County and became a landowner. In 1863, the poet released a collection of "Poems" and became silent for a long time. The next collection of "Evening Lights" appears only in 1883. But by that time, the poet’s talent had not exhausted: Fet again glorified beauty and love, and also raised important philosophical questions.

Athanasius Fet died in 1892 in Moscow.

Fedor Rostopchin

Count Fedor Vasilievich Rostopchin, who was born in 1763 in the village of Livny, is also included in the list of fellow countrymen who lived in the Oryol province. Rostopchin is known as a statesman and literary figure. Having received an excellent home education, already at the age of 10 he was enrolled in the Preobrazhensky regiment. The following years, he builds his military career until he receives the rank of captain-lieutenant of the Life Guard in 1789. The following years, Rostopchin took part in many wars, as a result of which in 1799 he was elevated to the count rank of the Russian Empire for numerous services.

Two years later, Rostopchin is dismissed. Fedor spends a long period of his life in his own estate Voronov, where he begins his literary career, adding to the number of writers born in the Oryol province.

As a result of his labors in 1807, the book “Thoughts Aloud on the Red Porch ...” was published, with the help of which he won great fame. At the same time, the story “Oh French!” Was born, as well as a couple of comedies, the most famous was “News, or Murdered Alive”.

After the events of 1812, Fyodor Vasilyevich was assigned the glory of the initiator of the Moscow fire, but he publicly rejects this version, backing up his words with his own work “The Truth About the Fire of Moscow”.

In 1814, Alexander I dismissed Rostopchin from the post of Moscow commander in chief. Since 1823, Fedor has been living in Moscow, retired due to illness. Rostopchin died in 1826.

Alexey Apukhtin

Among the Oryol writers are also called Alexei Nikolaevich Apukhtin, who was born in 1840 in the city of Bolkhov in the Oryol province.

The first poems of the poet appear in the publication "Russian invalid" - this is the work "Epaminoid" dedicated to the hero of Sevastopol Admiral Kornilov, as well as the poem "Imitation of the Arabian". Alexei writes a lot at the school and with pleasure: in his work of this period the influence of the poetry of A. Pushkin, E. Baratynsky and M. Lermontov can be traced. Sadness began to be read in poems, thoughts about death and the meaning of life are not uncommon. The theme of disappointment is growing, becoming the hallmark of the author.

In 1858, Apukhtin listened to Turgenev’s advice and departed from sad topics in his work and wrote the poem “Kolotovka Village”, but did not end it. In this work, the poet reproduces the Oryol fortress village - the poem motif in many respects echoes Turgenev’s “Notes of the hunter”.

In the early 60s, Apukhtin decided to move away from civic themes and calls himself the creator of “pure art” with his poem “Modern Vitias”. Apukhtin foresees a diminishing gloom in the near future, which is reflected in his works “I was tormented by a life of a bleak dream”, “Autumn leaves”, “Flies”, “I defeated her, fatal love”, “Meeting”. But such creativity did not find a response from readers and critics, and the works of Apukhtin ceased to be published.

By 1864 he returned to St. Petersburg, the almost forgotten name of the poet regained popularity with his new poems, which began to be published in local literary magazines. In 1886, the poet decides to publish the first poetry collection, which later will gain high-profile popularity.

Alexei invents his own genre - a confession poem. It included “The Year in the Monastery,” written in the Oryol village, as well as “Before the Operation,” “With the Courier Train,” “Crazy,” and “From the Prosecutor's Papers.”

Of no less interest are prose works: “Archive of Countess D.”, “Diary of Pavlik Dolsky”, “Between Life and Death”. The stories continue the theme of personal narrative, typical of his poetry, now expressed in the form of a monologue, letters, diaries.

Work on prose was the last literary work of the writer: since 1893, Alexei could no longer get out of bed. Apukhtin died in the same year in St. Petersburg.

Pavel Yakushin

Pavel Ivanovich Yakushin - Orlovets writer, was born in the village of Saburovo, Maloarkhangelsk district, Orel province in 1822. He is a researcher of folk art. Even in the gymnasium years, Paul stood out for his giftedness and waywardness. Being in the fourth year of the Faculty of Mathematics of Moscow University, Yakushin made acquaintance with P.K. Kireevsky and parted with science on his advice, going on a journey through the Volga cities. Before him, no one in Russia had ever collected the treasures of folk poetry in this way. Pavel Ivanovich made several trips, as a result of which he recorded many historical, ritual and lyric songs of his native Oryol region.

Kireevsky told Pavel to publish the collected songs, which Yakushin did in the 1950s. Folk songs by P. I. Yakushin were published in 1860 and 1865, and his folklore notes were included in the famous collection of A. N. Afanasyev's “Russian Folk Tales”.

In 1860, letters were published in the journal Sovremennik in which Yakushin describes the creation of a fortress at the confluence of the Orlik and Oka rivers, and also retells folk legends about Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible.

Yakushin did a lot for folk literature and preservation of cultural heritage. Pavel died in the Samara hospital.

Leonid Andreev

Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was born in Orel in 1871. At 20, he entered Petersburg University, from where he was expelled two years later. After that, he entered Moscow University and was educated as a lawyer.

He began to write as a student. At the end of his studies, he publishes court reports and feuilleton, as well as some stories and essays. In 1901, he published his book, Stories, which soon brought him fame.

The early literary works contained many ideas that originated in the author’s head in Orel: in the plots of the stories “Hotel”, “Buyanikha”, “Angel”, “Bargamot and Garaska”, the disadvantaged Oryol Pushkarnaya was easily recognized. Oryol realities also inspired such stories by Andreev as “In the Spring”, “He, She and Vodka”, “Spring Promises”, “On the River”. All these works are riddled with disillusionment in the world, acute despair and compassion for human pain.

Leonid Andreev warmly belonged to the Social Democrats and periodically provided his room for underground meetings of members of the Central Committee of the RSDLP, for which he was subsequently arrested. In Tagansk prison he writes with great inspiration about the revolution. During this period, “In Memory of Vladimir Mazurin”, “To the Stars”, “From a Story That Never Will Be Over,” “A Story of Seven Hanged Men” and “The Governor” appear.

Soon, Andreeva is overtaken by a spiritual crisis, which leads to pessimistic works in which a person's life becomes like a meaningless run on the spot. Among such stories is "Red Laughter", which became a reaction to the Russo-Japanese War. The story made a huge impression on readers, and subsequently began to be translated into other languages.

A distinctive feature of the author’s work was a vivid expressiveness, which began to appear in the stories “Life of Vasily of Thebes”, “Laughter”, “Nabat” and “False”. Andreev also creates a number of expressionist works, such as “King Hunger”, “Human Life” and “Anatema”.

Until the end of his life, the writer did not break his connection with his native Eagle. He often came to his homeland, arranging various social and cultural events, supporting literary activities and young authors. The Oryol theme is often heard in Leonid’s work: the novel “Sashka Zhegulev”, the play “Youth” and many others.

During the revolution, Andreev found himself outside the borders of his native country, which he was no longer destined to return to: he died two years later.

The house of Leonid Andreyev became the museum of the Orlovites writer: there he spent many years in childhood and adolescence.

Mikhail Prishvin

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born in 1873 in the village of Khrushchevo, Yelets district of the Orel province.

In 1902, Prishvin graduated from the University of Leipzig, after which he worked for a long time as an agronomist, working with agronomical journals. Then he wrote a series of works on agriculture.

In his first works, “Behind the Magic Kolobok” and “In the Land of Frightened Birds,” Prishvin describes his northern travels. In these essays, the author admires the immense beauty of Russian nature and the talent of the common people, who managed to maintain faith in good in the difficult conditions of political oppression.

Prishvin’s subsequent travels were also reflected in his works: “Adam and Eve”, “Krutoyoyaroye Lake”, “Black Arab”, “Near the Walls of the City of the Unseen”. In them he describes ordinary Russian people whom he met on his way.

In 1912-1914, a three-volume collection of the author from the publishing house “Knowledge” was published: all works are united by the socio-philosophical idea of ​​the eternal search for happiness.

During the First World War, the writer writes front-line correspondence in the publications Rech, Vedomosti Vedomosti and Russkiye Vedomosti.

Soon after the Great October Revolution, Mikhail Prishvin lived for some period in the Oryol region, where he worked on research and teaching.

In 1923, he publishes essays called "The Shoes", which raises the issue of revolution and art. The book “The Springs of Berendey” led to the new stage in the development of the writer's work, with the Earth in the center of the plot. Also in the 20s, Mikhail began work on the autobiographical novel "The Kashcheyev Chain", which he worked on until the end of his life.

In the 30s, Prishvin again went to wander. Based on the materials collected on wanderings, he writes the books “The Undeclared Spring”, “The Berendey Thicket”, “Caucasian Stories”, as well as poems in prose “Phacelia” and “Forest Drops”. The peak of the literary work of Mikhail Prishvin was the poem "Ginseng."

Prishvin wrote a lot for children: his collections “Zhurka”, “The Beast Chipmunk”, “Golden Meadow”, “Grandfather Valenok” and “Pantry of the Sun” remain popular to this day.

In the early days of World War II, he writes the story "Blue Dragonfly", which expresses the author's confidence in the victory over the enemy. By 1943, "Tales of Leningrad Children" was published, where he praised the mothers of the besieged Leningrad. A year later, he writes The Tale of Our Time, also dedicated to sad events.

Michael devotes his old age to diaries, intending to print them in a separate book. He also finishes working on the novel “The Osudarev Road” and finishes the short story “The Thicket of the Ship”. The last written works were the result of Prishvin's creative quest.

Mikhail Mikhailovich died in Moscow in 1854.

How many talented authors spawned the city of Oryol: the Oryol writers, to whom so many museums in the city are dedicated, are a true legend of the local lands. As famous authors remembered their homeland, so it still keeps the memory of the great minds born on these lands. Some of the writers deserve a separate museum, but the Oryol Museum of Writers Orel, which forever cemented the memory of their talented countrymen, also carefully preserves history.