Vaccination of fruit trees is a great way to grow different varieties on a small summer cottage , having only a few main trees.
In addition, this method helps to give the beloved variety resistance to climate, soil features, increase frost resistance, correct trunk defects , etc.
Trees to which new varieties are planned to be planted must be healthy. They must not be damaged by frost or the sun, or by animals. In addition, you need to plant trees that are not older than ten years, if these are "bone" trees like cherries or plums. For such trees as apple trees and pears, however, this is not an obstacle: they are longer-lived.
The grafts for grafting need to be selected strong enough, thick and viable.
Inoculation of fruit trees is carried out by two methods :
· Budding - vaccination with kidneys (summer vaccinations);
· Copulations - vaccination with cuttings (spring vaccinations).
The best vaccination methods for fruit trees involve matching the type of vaccination with the tree variety. Sowing is the best way for pears, plums, apricots and cherries.
Copulation is the easiest and most reliable way to vaccinate. It is carried out in the spring, before the start of active growth of trees, which begins with the processes of sap flow.
In spring, trees are planted in several classic ways :
- for bark;
- in the split;
- in a side cut.
Grafting trees in the spring into the lateral incision is the earliest method. It must be performed before the sap flow begins.
The stock is sawn off with a transverse cut, then the surface of the cut made is cleaned with a garden knife. The butt of the branch should be split to a depth of about 5-10 centimeters and inserted into the splitter expander.
Make oblique sections on the bottom of the cuttings that need to be grafted. Slices should come from two opposite sides to form a wedge.
When inserting the stalk into the cleft, make sure that the outer layers of the scion bark do not coincide with the stock, but with the layers of cambium. To this end, after insertion, push the hemp a little inside.
You can insert another stalk from the opposite side of the branch.
After this, the extender needs to be removed, and the cuttings clamped with a re-graft branch. Tie the vaccine tightly. The upper sections of the cuttings need to be coated with garden var.
When the buds appear on the cuttings, the binding should be loosened, but you can not remove it in a hurry.
Vaccination of trees in the spring in a side cut - is carried out when the buds begin to bloom.
On a branch or stump of a tree, make an incision of about 3-3.5 centimeters long and 0.5-0.8 centimeters deep at an angle of 30 degrees so as to slightly cut the wood with a knife blade.
The lower end of the handle should be cut in the form of a dihedral wedge. In length, it should correspond to the notch on the stock. It is important that the layers of cambium match exactly so that the stalk can grow. When the shoots appear, leave the stronger ones, and break the weak ones.
Tree grafting in spring over the bark - is carried out after the beginning of sap flow: at this time, the bark begins to lag behind the wood.
The stock is cut to a stump. On the side, longitudinal sections of the bark are made, reaching the wood by the length of the oblique cut of the cuttings. The edge of the cut needs to be slightly separated from the wood and inserted into the resulting “pocket” of the stalk for the entire length of the cut. You can plant several cuttings. The vaccination site must be tied with one tight harness.
Grafted Tree Care
Vaccination of trees in the spring require special care after them. The grafted cuttings must be tied to pegs in order to avoid damage when they grow to 15-20 centimeters. Shoots that periodically appear below the site of the main vaccination must be thinned out so that they do not weaken the grafted graft.
Proper care of grafted trees ensures that the cuttings begin to bear fruit already in the third year.