The state is a complex political and legal structure that unites a large number of people. Initially, there were no powers on the planet at all. Their predecessors were tribal communities, which were built on a patriarchal basis. As they grew, such formations ceased to cope properly with the process of social regulation. That is, it was necessary to invent a new organization that was more functional in nature. These are the states.
To date, there are a large number of similar structures in the world. They all function differently, however, have common features. For example, each state is governed by power. This phenomenon also has its own characteristics and structure. In the Russian Federation today, the power structure consists of several interconnected elements, each of which carries its own information about the state. Thus, this issue is of great importance for the activities of the Russian Federation as a state, which necessitates a detailed study of the phenomenon and its system.
Power: concept
The power structure of the Russian Federation is the initial concept and phenomenon of the classical form of government. Therefore, it is necessary, first of all, to analyze its features. According to modern scientific trends, power is a set of methods and real opportunities to impose a will in order to control the activities of individuals, social groups, communities, etc. Moreover, this phenomenon can be based on completely different theoretical and practical principles, as well as use certain methods character, for example, authoritarian, democratic, violent, dishonest, provocative, etc. State power is a specific form of the classical form of power.
State power
Public administration implies a real opportunity for an influential elite or political elite to manage the population of a particular country through the use of legal levers. Power in a state is always based, first of all, on law, that is, current legislation, and cannot go beyond its limits or contradict it. In addition, at present the government has a clear structure, the existence of which is due to the rethinking of this category during the New Age and the creation of certain principles on which the majority of states rely on the entire management system. The Russian Federation in this case is no exception. The structure of power and the entire political system of this country operate on the basis of certain provisions.
The principles of Russian state power
Today, there are several basic principles of the functioning of the management system in the state. These include the following:
- Democracy. It implies the existence of a single source of state sovereignty, which is the population. It, in turn, affects the country through special bodies.
- Federalism, implies a federal structure of the territory.
- Political diversity is the permissibility of the existence of a large number of parties and movements.
Russia is a secular state, which excludes the presence of an official religion.
Principle of separation of powers
The power structure of the Russian Federation operates on the basis of the principle of separation of state administration. Not everyone understands what this idea is. It was designed by Charles Louis de Montesquieu and John Locke.
According to its provisions, the structure of power in any state should contain legislative, executive and judicial segments. Moreover, the government of the country cannot be concentrated in the hands of the ruling elite or of one person (monarch, leader, tyrant, etc.). This principle has been applied in almost all countries. Of course, some states have modified the principle of a three-level structure, however, the idea as a whole has remained unchanged. To date, few examples of sole power remain.
The structure of the federal government of Russia
Today, Russia has developed a sufficiently functional, and, most importantly, effective public administration system. Her activities are built, firstly, on the principles that were mentioned earlier, and, secondly, on the democratic orientation of Russian politics. In addition, the structure of the federal government of the Russian Federation also incorporated the provisions of the principle of separation of state administration. In accordance with it, there are three main branches, namely: legislative, executive, and judicial. On the basis of this provision, a whole structure of federal authorities is functioning in Russia, consisting of the following elements, namely:
- Federal Assembly.
- Government of the Russian Federation.
- Courts of Russia.
- President of Russian Federation.
Of the elements presented, in fact, consists of the system and structure of government in the Russian Federation. They, in turn, are completely independent and perform specific functions.
The system and structure of the executive branch
All three presented segments of government are important. Moreover, each of them performs its own functions. In this case, the activity of the executive branch is of great importance. With the help of this branch, in fact, the implementation of state policy takes place. The basis of the entire executive branch is the president and government of the Russian Federation. Further, the federal structures of the executive branch are united in ministries and separate departments of different target areas.
The functional tasks of the head of state include protecting the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, the untouchability of its borders, independence, etc. In addition, the relevant regulatory acts and the Constitution impose on the president the duty to determine the direction of the external and internal political program. The Government of the Russian Federation, in turn, is the coordinating body headed by the chairman. In addition, the government actually manages the whole structure of ministries, federal services and agencies.
Legislative segment
The structure of federal authorities contains three interconnected elements, as already mentioned in the article. One of them is the legislative branch. This segment exists to systematize the country's regulatory industry and the development of official acts. In other words, the legislature issues laws. Its existence is necessary in order to ensure the legitimacy and effectiveness of the constitutional principles of the state. Thus, the activity of the legislature is aimed at achieving certain goals, the implementation of which is entrusted to a separate state body.
Federal Assembly - Appointment and Structure
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the structure of public authorities includes a parliament. This is an elected collegial body, functioning to ensure the legislative process. The Federal Assembly contains in its structure two elements called chambers, namely: the upper (Council of the Federation) and lower (State Duma). The chambers carry out their activities separately, but in some cases they can hold general meetings, for example, to hear messages from the Constitutional Court or the President of the Russian Federation.
It should be noted that the Federal Assembly is a purely electoral body.
That is, its filling occurs at the expense of Russian citizens who nominate their candidates. However, each parliamentary chamber is replenished with members in completely different ways. For example, the Federation Council is formed at the expense of representatives from each state entity. The Duma, in turn, consists of deputies, which can be any person whose age is more than 21 years.
In its activities, the Federal Assembly issues federal and constitutional laws. Normative acts must be adopted by both parliamentary chambers, after which their actual issuance is permitted.
Judicial sphere of Russia
The structure of the Russian authorities would not have existed without a judicial branch. This is a rather important segment, the basis of which is a whole system of relevant bodies. To date, the Supreme and Constitutional Courts can be called the highest judicial bodies.
These institutions deal with certain cases or disputes that arise in the legal field of the state. As a rule, legal proceedings take place in the criminal, administrative, civil, and economic spheres of human life. At the same time, the Constitution establishes the following principle: only the presented system of bodies can administer justice. The existence of other departments with similar activities is not allowed.
Public Administration in the Territory of the Federation
It should be noted that the power structure has a specific form if we are talking about the subjects of the federation. Territorial formations of the state are managed through their own bodies. Moreover, the delimitation of the power of the federal and local authorities occurs at the level of the Constitution. In addition, the question of local government is quite interesting. According to the provisions of the Constitution, this sphere of regulation does not belong to any branch of government and is a completely independent entity. Its main goal is nothing more than ensuring the normal functioning of the territorial group of the population.
Conclusion
So, the article presented the structure of government bodies in the Russian Federation that exists today. It is worth noting that its activities are effective, given the features of the modern world. But theoretical and practical innovations in this area are necessary if we want to build a truly democratic state.