Despite the fact that ceramic blocks in the field of housing construction have appeared recently, during their existence they managed to acquire the status of a high-tech and promising material. Products have low thermal conductivity, which is ensured by their voidness. Such constructions were given the name "warm ceramics". However, like all materials for walls, such products require laying on a solution. As the latter, it is better to use a special warm mixture.
The main features of the warm composition for masonry and its composition
For the reason that ceramic blocks act as a heat-saving material, when laying them to obtain a wall with low thermal conductivity it is necessary to use a warm solution. Porous fillers act as a mandatory additive to the ingredients, among them:
- perlite;
- pumice;
- vermiculite.
As for the main ingredients, then among them are:
- Portland cement;
- polymer additives;
- porous fillers.
Cement acts as a binder, but polymer additives are necessary to accelerate the hardening of the mixture and increase its plasticity, water resistance and frost resistance. Warm solutions have a fairly wide range of uses.
In addition to the composition for laying ceramic blocks, the solution is used in the construction of houses from large-format products based on cellular concrete and aerated concrete blocks. Using the described solution, you will make the advantages of the wall materials mentioned above more pronounced.
Positive features
If the masonry is done qualitatively, then the cold bridges will be excluded, which will increase resistance to the heat transfer process by 30%. Lightweight fillers can reduce the pressure exerted by the materials in the base of the walls on the foundation. Savings can also be achieved by reducing the volume of the mortar during masonry. It has excellent water-holding characteristics, so it can be used with thin-walled technology.
Warm mortar can be laid in joints that have high thermal conductivity, which allows to reduce heat fluxes going out through the masonry. In addition, the described composition is also vapor permeable, therefore, ideal humidity conditions for humans will be maintained in the house. No condensation will form on the walls. All this eliminates the appearance of mold and fungus on the surfaces.
If the walls were erected using a warm solution, then the owners have an excellent opportunity to save on heating the house and its maintenance. The consumption of the composition in the case of using ceramic blocks is reduced by 1.75 times compared with the usual cement-sand mixture. This is due to the low density of the first.
Cooking recommendations
Typically, the described solution is used when laying exterior walls. But in the case of internal walls, an analog is used in the form of a sand-cement mixture. Warm masonry mortar can be prepared manually or using a concrete mixer, if the volume is impressive. In this case, the appropriate equipment is rented, which allows to increase the speed of work.
The building mixture can be made from a finished dry composition, you only need to add water to it and mix well. If you purchased a standard 35-kg bag, then you can get 1 liter of the finished mixture from it. When the ingredients are planned to be purchased separately, first you should mix the dry ingredients, to which water is then added.
Expert Advice
Warm mortar for ceramic blocks must be prepared in a certain proportion. It provides for the use of 1 part cement and 5 parts expanded clay or perlite sand. But if you use a dry mixture, then 4 parts will need a part of water. Water should be taken from the water supply, because mineral impurities in it should be absent. These can sometimes be found in water from a reservoir. A liquid with such a composition can adversely affect the balance of the ingredients of the solution.
A warm solution for ceramic blocks should acquire an average consistency in density. If the solution turns out to be extremely liquid, then it will fill the voids of the products, which will reduce their thermal insulation characteristics. Before use, the composition must be left for 5 minutes, during which time the corresponding chemical processes will occur. If the solution turns out to be very thick, then it will lose the ability to securely attach, and ceramic blocks will absorb a lot of moisture, while the solution will dry before it has time to gain strength.
Speaking of the above, it can be noted: having prepared a liquid solution, you will encounter an increase in its flow rate, while the losses will also increase due to the presence of voids in the blocks. When masters use ready-made mixtures, this allows them to eliminate the need to moisten products, because the solution has the ability to retain moisture for a long time.
The conditions for the preparation of the solution
The proportions of the warm solution are now known to you, but it is also important to know when it is better to masonry ceramic blocks. The best time for this is the warm season, because low temperatures can cause the solution to set prematurely. Ultimately, this will reduce the quality of the masonry. If work is carried out at a temperature below -5 ° C, antifreeze additives should be added to the solution, however, the masonry may not be so strong.
More on components
Due to the fact that perlite acts as one of the common binders in heat-insulating materials, the preparation of the mixture may be accompanied by its replacement with sand. However, experts argue that such a mixture should not be mixed in a concrete mixer for too long, because perlite will begin to granulate and form into dense lumps.
In order to get a homogeneous mass in the end, mixing must be stopped. If you are laying the walls of a private house, you can add color to the solution, this will increase the decorativeness of the masonry, but this ingredient will not have a negative effect.
Features and composition of the mortar for screed
If you want to use a solution for screed underfloor heating, which would have the properties of the above composition, then you can use the mixture “PERLITKA ST1”. It is an environmentally friendly, frost-resistant, non-combustible material that eliminates the appearance of ants, cockroaches and rodents.
The composition adheres well to different types of mineral surfaces. If you have to carry out work of large volume, then using this mixture it is possible to reduce the load on the foundation. The composition has excellent sound and heat insulation qualities. When applying does not require special skills.
Such a solution for a warm water floor has among the ingredients:
- perlite sand;
- cement;
- fiber;
- modifying additives.
The bulk density of the material is 420 kg / m³. The compressive strength is 20 kg / cm². The shelf life of the solution after its preparation reaches 1 hour. Material consumption per square meter is equivalent to 4.2 kg. The thermal conductivity of the solution is not more than 0.11 W / m ° K. The adhesion is 0.65 MPa, this value, however, may be higher. The moisture holding ability of the mixture is 96%. You can apply the composition at a temperature not lower than +0 ° C.
Recommendations for the use of “PERLIT ST1”
The above solution should be applied to a previously prepared surface. The base must be dry and strong, it must be cleaned of oils, dirt, dust, paint residues and wax. Exfoliated layers are removed. If the surface absorbs moisture well, then it must be treated with a primer emulsion and maintained for 4 hours.
The solution is prepared by pouring the composition into a container and pouring it with clean water at room temperature. For 1 kg of the mixture, approximately 0.85 liters of liquid will be needed. The composition is mixed with a mixer until you can achieve a homogeneous consistency without clots and lumps. The solution is kept for 5 minutes, and then mixed again. Then it can be used for styling.
Conclusion
Some believe that the use of a solution with high thermal insulation characteristics is an unreasonable cost when you can use the usual cement-sand mixture. However, experts do not recommend compromising and not looking for mixtures among cheap analogues.
If you want to achieve savings when using a traditional solution, then you need to make it thicker, and soak the ceramic blocks before laying in water. Only this approach allows you to get a reliable and strong wall. At the same time, consumption will decrease, and the amount of moisture that is absorbed by the ceramic blocks will also become smaller.