The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region is a special document in which rare and endangered animals and plants of the region are recorded. It is interesting that a similar list previously existed, but it included the inhabitants of the entire Middle Urals. However, since 2006, the Sverdlovsk region has its own updated list. Unauthorized extraction of animals and the use of plants from it is strictly punishable by the law of the country. Who does the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region include? Animals and plants, their photo - this is the topic of this article. Supervises the work on compliance with the document of the Sverdlovsk Ministry of Natural Resources.
Plants
The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region includes a large list of representatives of the plant world. We will analyze the main representatives.
Ramson . It is also called victorious onion. The plant is quite high, reaches 70 cm, with a rounded white-green inflorescence. Fruits in late summer. As a result, a box with seeds appears. Long-lived plant: cases of wild leek have been known for 40 years. Ramson is an excellent remedy for the fight against scurvy. Since ancient times, residents have been harvesting it for the winter, eating leaves raw. It has exciting properties.
Alyssum lensky
Belongs to the cabbage family. The plant is low, a maximum of 20 cm, the stems are very stiff, prone to woodiness. The foliage has a grayish tint, the inflorescence is yellow with fairly large stamens. Prefers the steppe and forest-steppe.
Ling. Prefers pine forests and swamps. As a rule, it grows with certain plants, forming the so-called heathlands. This evergreen plant is difficult to confuse with any other because of the bright purple small flowers that are strewn with the stem. Honey from this flower is especially good, it helps to cope with bronchial asthma, completely cleanses the body of toxins. Such honey is also indicated for kidney diseases. Limiting factors are associated with drainage of swamps, peat extraction.
Ferns
Contains some types of ferns Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region. Animals and plants in it are recorded in a special way, there are also those that are in the Red Book of Russia. And, for example, the curly-haired clerk is listed in many Red Books of the regions. This low fern prefers to grow among rocky slopes. However, limestone does not like, but prefers granite. It has bright greenery, which forms a short bush (20 cm). This plant is an excellent remedy for worms. It disappears due to mining, which is carried out in the places of growth.
Kostenets wrought is also included in the list of specially protected plants of the Sverdlovsk land.
However, unlike the crypto-shepherd, she prefers limestone slopes. It is slightly lower than it, the leaves are sparse, finely triangular, forming peculiar rosettes.
Two species of woods are also at risk : Asian and graceful . Also preferring limestone surfaces, they do not tolerate direct sunlight and excessive moisture.
Lichens
Among the lichens that the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region contains, it is worth noting the longest asleep . This plant has a very limited habitat: the valley of the Auspius River. This lichen is an epiphyte because it lives exclusively on trees, but does not parasitize on them, but simply uses the trunk to attach to it. She prefers to dwell on spruce while sleeping, twisting it with her thin fibrils, similar to blond hair.
By its useful properties, asleep can be equated with Icelandic moss. It is a powerful antiviral and antibacterial agent. However, to use it for these purposes is externally.
Another lichen is brown-black melanelia . He prefers to settle on wet stones, and sometimes he chooses trees. The thallus is rounded in shape, has a browcher matte color. Diameter reaches 10 centimeters.
The main limiting factor for lichens is atmospheric pollution, because it is from the air that these organisms synthesize nutrients.
Insects
The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region (animals and plants, photos of them are presented in this article) contains a large number of insects. Here are some particularly interesting views.
Mountain cicada . Its uniqueness is that of the song cicadas this is the only one in the middle belt of the country. This 2-centimeter long-winged insect has a rather strong body with a weak spotted pattern. 20 mm wings are transparent, have black veins. He prefers to settle on flat steppe areas, well warmed up. It settles on shrubs or trees. The insect eats plant juices. The limiting factor is a too long development cycle: the larva needs to lie in the ground for 6 years before hatching.
Ant lion is a specially protected representative of the retina. The insect got its name due to the lifestyle of its larvae: they pulled out a funnel, they stick out their long jaws, and wait for the ant and spider to slip along the edge of the sandy depression, which they immediately eat.
As a result, a three-centimeter-long insect grows from the larva. Prefers lichen pine trees. The limiting factor is the development of forests, as a result of which habitats of larvae are destroyed.
Fish and reptiles
The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region protects fish and reptiles in a special way. So, tugun and nelma , two endangered fish, are introduced into it, both of them are inhabitants of the Arctic Ocean basin. The first refers to the whitefish squad, 20-centimeter, which has commercial value, which is why the population decreased. The second belongs to the order of salmon, more than a meter long. The problems of the limiting factor are associated with low reproduction.
The fragile spindle - a special lizard, it has no legs.
It is quite long - 50 cm. However, like all lizards, it can cast its own 20-centimeter tail. She is confused with another Red Book spokeswoman. This snake is a genus of snakes of small length: rare individuals reach a meter.
Birds
What other classes does the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region contain? Animals and plants with her photo are the subject of our article. The bird class is very numerous in the Red Book. There are peaceful, insectivorous birds, and predators.
For example, a small bittern is the smallest of heron genus: a little more than 35 centimeters in size. Interestingly, males can be distinguished by a characteristic “cap” on their heads made of black feathers. Also, its color is similar to olive, while the female is brown-buffy. Lives in bodies of water with stagnant water, eating small fish. The reasons for the decrease in numbers are the development of the coastline of reservoirs where bittern lives.
Also protected in the Sverdlovsk land are swans, a mute swarm and a whooper, a white stork, a steppe and meadow loon .
The ptarmigan is partridge .
It is interesting in that by winter it changes its plumage to white, but in summer it has a grayish color. It lives on rocks covered with bushes.
Among the birds of prey, it is worth noting the hawk owl and the gray owl . The first is different in that it does not have characteristic “ears”. Coloring - brown contrasting stripes across the whole body. The second has a color very similar to tree bark. Also does not have "ears" of feathers.
The main limiting factor for forest-dwelling birds is massive deforestation and drainage of swamps, the main habitats and nesting sites.
Mammals
Among mammals, bats are of particular concern: seven are listed - more than half of all other animals. The reduction in species is due to the fact that bats live in large colonies, respectively, the destruction of their settlement leads to a sharp reduction in numbers. You can list the nightspots: brandt, mustachioed, water, pond, brown ushanka, northern leather and natusius bat .
The charming flying squirrel includes the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region (animals and plants). The description of the animal is as follows: a small animal, similar to a squirrel.
It is distinguished by a special membrane, which opens when jumping from tree to tree. The limiting factor is the destruction of forests in which the animal lives.
The representative of large animals in the Red Book is the reindeer . Its disappearance is associated with a change in the snow cover: it becomes denser and smaller, which does not allow the animal to get food from under the snow and quench thirst.
An ordinary hedgehog, otter and European mink are also protected from the mammalian order.