The role of adjacencies in the construction of a residential building cannot be underestimated in any way. Everywhere you look at a building under construction, you will see converging walls everywhere, floors on each other. The impression is that the whole construction consists of only docking nodes. In fact, the way it is. Even the beginning of laying the foundation is a kind of “adjunction” of a structure to the Earth. After this, the wall adjoins the wall, and then the floor. If the house is multi-story, everything repeats. Then the roof is adjoined to the wall, after which the dwelling is ready. To make the construction of your home seem simpler, an article has been written on how to properly mount junction nodes.
Foundation
They say that the foundation is the foundation of the entire future structure. When you start building a house, you will get such a result at the end. In fact, the foundation is only one, the initial stage of construction as a whole. And the main thing, the main one, is the project (plan). Thinking of building your house or cottage, you must clearly understand what you want. You can draw a plan yourself - well. No - then order the project to the architect. I liked the neighboring house - do not hesitate to go in and ask for a redraw. Only when you are convinced of your desires and have a project in your hands, then start digging trenches.
Remember that it is better to design, dig an extra partition and build an extra wall. To disassemble it, if you suddenly have to, is always easier than to finish building. The problem of junctions may concern you at the initial stage, if you make a cast foundation of concrete. But here everything is solved simply with the help of fittings. Grasp the concrete blocks, start dressing at the joints. The same with the base: we tie the stone and block junctions, and reinforce the concrete with additional reinforcement.
Horizontal junction of walls
The foundation is flooded, the base is made, now is the time to start erecting walls. But do not rush! To begin with, regardless of the material from which you will mute, you need to perform horizontal waterproofing. For what? This is clear to everyone. Waterproofing protects the walls and the rooms themselves from destruction due to excessive humidity, protects against mold and fungus.
Such work is performed quite simply, for brick and block walls, it is enough to put two rows of roofing material. If you are building from a wooden beam, a log or frame-panel house, then in addition to the roofing material, it is not superfluous to apply bitumen coating. On sale now also there are many various antifungal impregnations and primers. Do not spare money, buy it and process at least the lower rows of the building.
Walls and partitions
Ideally, so that the adjacency of the wall to the wall does not become a subsequent headache, it is better to mutate the walls and partitions at the same time. Of course, this is not always the case. That lacks working hands, or even the weather is tightening the construction time: it is already necessary to erect a roof, so the masonry of the adjoining walls and the partitions themselves are postponed for later.
With a homogeneous material of the internal walls and partitions, the problem is solved with the help of a vertical fence. From the outer wall we release 1/3 of the brick, exposing the side edge in level or plumb. Do not forget that every intersection and adjoining of brick walls is tied up with brickwork. Dressing methods vary slightly depending on the thickness of the walls. But the main task is the same - to make the masonry as strong as possible.
Junction nodes
Often it happens this way: for the device of external walls we take material of greater thickness, whether it be blocks or timber, and we make the partitions thinner. As a result, it turns out that the seams do not match. How to arrange the adjacency of the wall to the wall in these cases? A simple way is to use dowel nails or anchor bolts. At the seam of the partition in the outer wall, drill holes for the diameter of the anchor or dowel-nail. We do the depth so that they enter halfway. After two rows, repeat the operation. The thickness of the dowel or anchor is chosen so that they do not interfere with the laying of the next row (6, 8, 10 mm).
For even greater strength, or at the junction of materials of different types, an assembly is made to adjoin the wall to the wall. If no method of dressing is applicable at all, you will have to go to the store and buy fittings (FS-8). They are mounted depending on the material: self-tapping screws or dowel-nail. As an option, you can adapt a regular metal corner, fixing one side to the main wall, and the other to the partition. Then all slots need to be blown off with foam. Whatever node you choose to wall to wall, you need to mount it so that the details do not interfere with subsequent finishing work.
Cladding fastening
Everyone wants to have a comfortable home, cozy inside and attractive outside. A lot of money is invested in this beauty. But do not forget that in addition to aesthetics and grace, the structure must be durable and safe. Consider a fashionable version of the exterior wall decoration with facing brick, since the choice of this material is huge today.
The installation of combined walls (inside - a block or rough brick) with synchronous laying is simple. You just bandage the face masonry from the rough side. If the coincidence of the seams allows, then this is done for every fourth row. In the case of a small difference between the seams, a masonry net can be used for dressing. If the difference is more than two centimeters, take a wire with a diameter of 4-6 millimeters and bend the connection in the form of the Latin letter U.
But what if the draft wall is ready, and the front wall is just getting started? The same thing, although this is not exactly the junction of the wall to the wall. We use the expansion bolt shield. Through the row we fix the front side. True, you will need a lot of them, but do not spare it, because the strength of the house is above all.
Roof adjoining
The best solution for brick, stone, block houses after the construction of walls is the device of a reinforcing belt on top of the structure. This process is time-consuming, but it will greatly strengthen the building and facilitate the work on joining the roof. Regardless of the material of the floor and the roof structure, metal mortgages or anchors are inserted into the reinforcing belt at the pouring stage.
Then everything is quite simple: we weld metal beams or reinforced concrete slabs to already inserted mortgage elements, we attach wooden beams or Mauerlat to the anchor. After they have built the roof frame, we close the beams, after having arranged the waterproofing according to the principle of coating with bitumen mastic.
Roof abutment to the wall
Another sore spot during the construction process may be a device connecting the roof to the wall. Of course, this can be avoided. Just designing your home, try not to use this option adjacencies. But if you really liked some house or you are building according to a ready-made plan, then you will have to learn how to properly make a node connecting the roof to the wall.
In fact, with current materials, there is nothing complicated in installing the joint between the wall and the roof. The most important thing is that no matter where the abutment is made, the angle of inclination of the roof is taken into account. The more rainfall (snow, rain), the greater the slope needed. And depending on the angle, the width of the wall apron is calculated. Be sure to embed its upper curved edge into the wall, and then seal it with sealant.
Adjacent floors
When laying wooden floors, the main attention should be paid to both waterproofing and ventilation. It is necessary to start isolating already at the stage of laying the lag, laying two layers of roofing material. Treatment with anticorrosive, antifungal impregnation will not be superfluous. For floors made of concrete or mortar screeds, waterproofing is carried out around the perimeter of the premises.
The choice of modern materials in the shops is large, and the use of "grandfather" only is not necessary. In the case of the use of a laminate or a laminated board, when laying around the entire perimeter of the room, an operational gap is left. In order for the adjacency of the floor to the wall to be of high quality and the material to last longer, all rules for caring for it should be observed.