Thanks to man’s care for garden trees, they should live longer than forest trees, but in practice everything turns out exactly the opposite. Life is shortened by various diseases, pests that garden plants cannot cope on their own. If any diseases occur, it is necessary to timely treat the trees.
The garden can become infected with a variety of parasites, with improper care, watering. If any disease occurs, treatment should be started as soon as possible. In order to determine the method of treatment, you need to know what ailments the garden hurts and how to deal with them.
Fruit rot
Fruit rot is caused by a fungal infection. Most often, pears, apple trees suffer from this ailment. Initially, a small speck appears, which quickly grows, covering the entire fetus. Damaged areas become loose, the fruits lose their taste and nutritional qualities. Later, grayish-brown pads form on the surface.
With the development of the disease, the affected fruits fall off or mummify directly on the branches, acquiring a black color.
Fruit rot can occur due to tissue injury by insects, sediments.
Rust
This disease got its name due to the similarity of the affected leaves with rust on the metal. When plants are damaged, rust spots have a yellow-red color with a dark spot in the center. At this point, spore propagation occurs.
The body of the fungus penetrates into photosynthetic cells and sucks out everything that is possible from them. As a result, the tree lacks nutrients, does not form a crop.
Treating trees for rust is a complex process. All damaged branches are removed with the capture of at least ten centimeters of healthy tissue. Slices from slices are processed. This is done with a solution of copper sulfate, and then with garden var.
Rust fungi are very tenacious. It is impossible to fight them without chemistry. Rust is treated with Bordeaux fluid. The solution is used to treat plants with blooming leaves. Re-treatment is carried out after two weeks.
Rust refers to those diseases that have two hosts: fruit tree and coniferous. Because of this feature of the development of fungi, it is dangerous to plant trees and shrubs of conifers near the garden.
Powdery mildew
This disease looks like the leaves are sprinkled with flour. Over time, the shade of the foliage becomes not white, but gray with a red, black spots form. Tree nutrition and growth stop, leaf blades twist, then dry and fall. Powdery mildew trees do not bear fruit.
Bordeaux fluid, colloidal sulfur is used to treat trees. Well helps a solution of "Topaz", "Bayleton."
So that the plant does not hurt, in the spring, at the time of foliage blooming, prophylactic treatment is carried out. Repeated spraying is carried out after ten days.
Fruit spotting
Many fungal infections are manifested by the formation of spots on the foliage. They can have a variety of shades: gray, brown, yellow. There are so many species that scientists decided to combine all kinds of spots in one group.
Among all existing types of spots, the easiest way to determine the hole type. This type of disease is manifested by the formation of holes on the leaf blade. With fruit spotting, the plant tries to get rid of the fungus, in every way limiting the fungal spread. The fungus and all affected cells lose their nutrients. Because of this, holes are observed on the leaves.
Trees are treated with Bordeaux fluid treatment. It is believed that the most effective treatments are autumn. All affected leaflets are collected and burned. You can not stack diseased leaves in a compost heap, since the spores on them can live for several years. After making compost in the garden, the disease will again begin to hit the trees.
Necrosis of the cortex
Some types of fungus affect the bark. It may take months from the moment of penetration into the structure to the moment the first signs of damage appear. During this period, fungi actively develop inside the cortex, affecting large areas.
The first signs of the disease are cracks covered with tubercles. In places of development of the disease, the bark exfoliates, under it rot forms, a mucous accumulation of spores.
Necrosis of the bark is dangerous because it is able to affect the bearing part of the tree. As a result, it begins to dry, die. In order to timely treat the fruit trees for necrosis, it is necessary to periodically inspect the bark. As soon as damage is detected, the branches are cut with the capture of healthy tissues. The cut points are treated with copper sulphate and then with garden var. If necrosis occurs on the stem, it is cleaned, capturing healthy tissue. Processing is carried out in the same ways.
Fruit deformation
Quite often, gardeners observe deformed fruits. This disease is caused by taffrine fungi. Their spores penetrate into the ovaries during flowering and wait for the supply of nutrients to begin.
Typically, deformation occurs on stone trees: plums and its relatives are most often affected. Treatment of garden trees from deformation is carried out by treatment with Bordeaux fluid until the buds open. If affected ovaries are found, they are removed.
Crayfish
Cancer is most often found on apple trees. When trees are affected by fungi, microorganisms begin to secrete substances that affect the ability of cambium to share. As a result, tumor formations are formed.
Cancer can be black, affecting all organs of the plant - from the trunk to the flower. And it can be ordinary cancer, which is located on the stem and on the largest branches.
Spores of the fungus penetrate into the deep layers of the cortex through wounds, burns, frostbite. For the first time a couple of years, the signs of the disease are not visible, but then deep cracks or sag appear on the trunk or branches, as in the photo. Tree diseases and their treatment can be reduced to the loss of a plant. Severe cancer damage leads to the need to completely remove the plant. If the cracks are small, then they can be closed with a garden var, after pre-treating the entire plant with copper sulfate, Bayleton, Fundazol.
Cancer can affect the roots. In this case, a brown growth is observed. As a result, the tree is completely removed, the hole is disinfected. When buying seedlings, carefully inspect the root system.
Pipers
Tinder fungus is a large mushroom that lives up to ten years. Once in the crack of the cortex, the spore begins to grow rapidly. It spreads throughout the plant’s conductive system. After a few years, a spore-forming organ, similar to donkey hooves, forms on the surface of the cortex. By this time, the tree was almost dead.
Treatment of a fungus on a tree is a complex and lengthy procedure. It’s much easier not to treat, but to prevent infections. But if the plant is sick, the gardener will have to determine the type of disease and correctly carry out the treatment. Most often, Bordeaux fluid, Topaz, is used for fungal infections.
Chlorosis
One of the common tree diseases is chlorosis. It develops due to unfavorable conditions for growing fruit trees, as well as the lack of iron. This is due to the excessive content of lime.
Chlorosis starts from the tops, affecting young leaves. Because of it, nitrogen nutrition is disturbed.
The cause of chlorosis can be the proximity of groundwater, drought, the negative effects of low temperatures. Sick shoots stop growing, the crop is small, with small fruits. In half the cases, the disease leads to the death of the whole tree.
Bacterial burn
Healing tree wounds helps prevent the penetration of fungi and pests. One of the dangerous diseases that can spread with the help of wind, insects, rain and penetrate the wounds of a tree is a bacterial burn.
When infected, the affected areas begin to turn white. First of all, the infection affects the flowers, then fruit buds, branches, leaves, shoots. Infection can travel along the trunk, affecting the cortex. Signs of this are its softening, the appearance of milk fluid from the wounds. A bacterial burn develops most quickly on apple trees.
Pests
The treatment of conifers, as well as fruit and ornamental plants, requires timely treatment of pests. When any pest appears: caterpillars, aphids, spider mites, leafworms, etc., it is imperative that all the trees and plants under them are treated with chemical preparations. It can be Fufanon, Aktara, Tornado and other means. The drug is selected depending on the pest, used according to the instructions.
To prevent re-infection of the garden, preventive treatments are carried out with a frequency of at least once a month. So you can protect the garden from pests. Be sure to fight with garden ants, as they are carriers of aphids.
It is difficult to deal with any tree diseases, therefore, preventive treatments are carried out in spring and autumn to protect plants from fungi and other infections. Throughout the growing season, trees are treated for parasites. Proper maintenance of the garden ensures long life of trees and high stable yields.