Man as a biological species needs the environment in which he lives to be in his natural state. The processes that take place in it directly affect its existence. In the process of life, man has a huge impact on nature, alas, far from positive. Everyone can see what effect the environment has on human labor, just look around. Huge dumps of garbage in the form of plastic bags and plastic bottles thrown in a hurry on the shores of seas and rivers, barbaric deforestation, poaching for the purpose of their own profit - this is only the tip of the iceberg.
A person can control the actions that he takes, but the negative impact on nature for many years was unconscious and invisible. People believed that nature could restore its resources.
What is nature conservation
Measures taken to protect the natural environment are called nature conservation. The main task is to preserve the biosphere.
In 1917, the first draft of a geographical network of reserves was presented in Russia. In 1978, the first Red Book of the USSR was published.
Now, regional environmental prosecutor's offices have been created to monitor compliance with the established rules for the protection of nature and the environment. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, everyone is obliged to take care of nature and protect its resources. On the basis of the Constitution, citizens have the right to file complaints and file lawsuits in defense of nature.
Principles and rules of nature conservation
In connection with the problem of the irrational use of natural resources, the question arose about the formation of the principles of nature conservation. The main ones are:
- the complexity of measures aimed at protecting natural resources;
- prophylaxis;
- ubiquity;
- compensation for environmental damage.
Environmental Protection Rules
- Regionality - taking into account local conditions when using resources. For example, with the limited possibilities of the region in logging due to its small number, the demand and price of wood will increase compared to the region where it is abundant. Accordingly, on the economic side, logging will be profitable, but detrimental to the environment.
- An approach tailored to the interests of different industries. So, for example, a river is not only a place for another hydroelectric power station, it feeds the seas with nutrients.
- The relationship of processes in nature. Protection is carried out of the whole complex, the entire ecosystem, since living organisms are inextricably linked.
So, we have revealed the rules and principles of nature conservation briefly. For a more detailed consideration, you need to use the appropriate literature.
Conservation lessons at school
Acquaintance with the basics of environmental protection begins with the elementary grades, forming an environmental awareness in children. For example, a lesson on the rules of environmental protection (Grade 2) reveals the question of proper behavior in the forest, on the banks of the river, etc. Children learn to understand that nature is a living organism, that it is defenseless and seemingly frivolous acts do it completely serious damage.
So, a bonfire, which was bred at the forest edge in the spring, can turn into a forest fire if it is not well extinguished, and eggs from bird nests, carefully studied by curious children, can ultimately be left by a brood hen. Also in this lesson, the timing of decomposition of garbage in natural conditions and the results are summarized.
No less interesting will be a lesson on environmental protection rules in the fall. In this lesson, children are instilled with a love of nature. The children are shown the autumn forest and are told that their environment needs help. It is proposed to make a bird feeder for the winter period and take patronage over them, start feeding them, and thereby prevent the birds from freezing on cold winter days. The interest of this program is that parents are given the opportunity to spend time with their children in a nature reserve or botanical garden, thus recalling the need for help to those who need it.
Lesson purpose
Lessons on nature conservation help children learn how to relate to nature. The formed stereotypes do not make it possible to perceive the surrounding world as it is. For example, predatory animals in most people cause fear or dislike. In its environment, a predator plays an important role, it does not allow sick animals to spread the infection and controls the number of species. A toad or a frog should not die only because it looks unpleasant.
Signs of nature conservation
Many times on their way they met signs with images of a bonfire and animals running from the forest or crossed out bottles, but for most this information is abstract and far from reality. Signs with the rules of nature conservation, established in the forests and on the banks of the rivers, are a kind of reminder that the situation as a whole depends on each individual. However, we are not always aware of this.
UN Program
Environmental pollution, violation of the balance of natural processes - this is not a problem of one region or country, but a global issue.
To solve global problems, there is international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and the environment.
The UN Declaration on Environmental Issues was adopted in 1972, and its goal is to create a focal point.
The UN Program, abbreviated as UNEP, is designed to address global environmental issues. UNEP is headquartered in Kenya. UNEP provides guidance in the development of international instruments related to air pollution and shipping channels. Sponsors and lobbies for environmental projects.
The impact of civilization on nature
The development of civilization depends on the absorption of resources, and resources not being replenished. Few people think seriously about this, but many resources are lost forever. For example, some minerals will disappear from the face of the Earth in 100-200 years, which will be the result of their active mining today.
Constant demand and increased energy production leads to a disturbance in the energy balance in nature. This leads to ozone layer pollution and soil degradation. Scientists expect an increase in the temperature of the surface air layer, which can lead to a sharp melting of glaciers, which, in turn, will lead to a constant increase in sea level. This is not an increase in gas prices; in this case, the demonstrations will not help.
The urbanization of society divides man from nature. A man strives to constantly create more comfortable conditions for himself, while forgetting about the relationship of everything in nature. For example, detergents make it possible to wash fat on a plate with little effort, but low-quality cleaning substances contribute to the pollution of the upper aquifers. Now, with low-rise construction, great interest is shown in septic tanks that cleanse sewage when they enter the cesspools. But, as happens in the pursuit of profit, unscrupulous manufacturers appear. A septic tank manufactured by such companies does not fulfill its functions. So the water from the sewer of one house falls on the dining table of another in the form of "environmentally friendly" vegetables grown in its garden.
Citizen participation in environmental protection
Civic activism is the foundation of a civilized society. Illegal deforestation, landfill or poaching - everything needs to be recorded and documents sent to the investigating authorities. For these purposes, there is a Constitution and bodies guaranteeing its implementation, and those who violate the law by their actions are criminals and must be punished.
Environmental protection is not only a set of rules for protecting the environment, it also includes measures to restore natural resources. Anyone can take part in this great undertaking. You can start with simple things: plant trees, make feeders and birdhouses for birds, clean the coastal area of debris.
When developing a program of environmental protection rules, we can briefly address the following issues:
- Reducing the amount of equipment polluting the environment.
- Providing the population with quality drinking water.
- Health and education of citizens.
Project financing programs aimed at improving the environment are becoming popular. For example, a solar energy development program in India has helped acquire 100,000 solar panels. This is a great contribution to nature conservation. Humanity is gradually learning to interact with nature without harming it.