One of the main indicators of coziness and comfort in the house is its illumination. This value directly depends on the location of the opening on the cardinal points, the size of the window and their total area. If the position in the direction of the window depends on the project of the house, then it is quite possible to adjust the parameters. In the modern construction world, there are standard and non-standard window parameters.
Applicable standard windows in high-rise buildings
Serial construction of apartment buildings with standard window sizes began in the days of Stalin, and to this day, standards for the comfort of residential premises have been repeatedly revised. In the bulk of all multi-storey buildings, the following architectural trends can be distinguished, for which the parameters of the windows used are given to a common denominator:
- "Stalinka" - built from the thirties to sixties of the last century, two to five-story houses of yellow brick, the hallmark of which are thick walls and high ceilings up to four meters.
- "Khrushchev" is one of the most popular types of architectural structures in post-Soviet countries. In these buildings, there is a desire to deal with architectural excesses. The houses of this layout, popular in the post-war years, became for millions of ordinary citizens a truly salvation from communal apartments and barracks.
- "Brezhnevka" - reinforced concrete boxes or of silicate brick at home, with a height of five floors to seventeen-story high-rises. This group of houses is an improved "Khrushchev" with a new layout of improved comfort and increased area. The latest modifications of houses are being built to this day.
- Typical houses of a new layout - the appearance of these houses begins in the late 70s, but they fully entered the construction arena from the 90s. Their main feature is a spacious kitchen up to 16 m², an increased area of rooms and loggias.
Standard sizes of window openings "Stalinok"
First of all, when it comes to window dimensions and dimensions, you need to remember that they are slightly different and you must always take the exact dimensions.
For all “stalinkas,” the window sill recess is 400 mm, the drainage system has a recess of 250 mm. There are three types of windows and balcony doorways used in these residential series:
- A double-winged T-shaped window with dimensions of 1150 mm - width and 1950 mm - height, the lower part of the window consists of equal halves 575 mm wide and 1450 mm high, as a rule, the right side of the window is opened, the upper longitudinal blind part of the window has a width of 1150 mm and a height of 500 mm.
- The double-winged window is also of the T-type, but slightly wider, overall parameters: 1500 mm wide by 1900 mm high, the lower part of the window has equal halves 750 mm wide and 1300 mm high, the upper longitudinal part of the window is 1500 mm by 600 mm.
- The tricuspid window has parameters for a width of 1700 mm and 1900 mm in height. The upper transverse part has a length of 1700 mm and a height of 600 mm.
- The balcony block is a T-shape with two opening doors with parameters: 750 mm wide by 2100 mm high. The upper transverse part consists of blank glass 600 mm high.
Dimensions of window openings "Khrushchev"
In panel or brick houses of "Khrushchev" windows are visually the same size, but in fact their overall dimensions are different. This is due to the window opening. In brick houses, because of the thicker walls, the slopes are deeper, which leads to an increase in the window sill, while the actual size of the window in the panel house will be smaller. Another surprise may be the fact that these houses were built at a literally crazy pace, and this pace affected the quality of the buildings. The dimensions of window openings can vary up to 30 mm.
- Double-wing window of brick houses with a width of 1450 mm and a height of 1500 mm.
- Double-wing window of a panel house, overall parameters - 1280 mm by 1340 mm.
- Tricuspid window with a width of 2040 mm and a height of 1500 mm.
- The balcony block has a total length of 1760 mm, folding from a double-wing window at 1460 width and 1420 height and doors 700 mm wide and 2160 mm high.
Brezhnev standard windows
This series of houses was built from 1966 to 1982. Elevators and garbage chutes appeared in these houses, and they also grew to nine floors. In practice, they have become an improved form of Khrushchev's projects. The following standard parameters were entered:
- Double-winged windows of 1450 mm wide and 1410 mm high, two wings with the same width of 725 mm, one of which opens.
- Tricuspid windows have overall dimensions: width 2100 mm and height 1450 mm.
- A narrow balcony block consisting of a single-leaf window 500 mm by 1410 mm and a door 680 mm by 2140 mm.
- A wide balcony block with a wall, consisting of a window opening of 1700 mm wide by 1420 heights, and also a door of 680 mm by 2140 mm.
Standard windows of new planning houses
Houses of this series can be panel, brick or monolithic. Diverse and numerous in their forms and appearance, houses have a large number of standard window parameters. There are more than forty varieties of serial houses with similar but different windows. You can specify the original serial number of the apartment building with the applicable window parameters, but in any case, for complete certainty, it is necessary to carry out measurements yourself or with the help of specialist measurers.
The most common standard window sizes of different series of houses:
- A series of houses 504 - a double-leaf window, 1410 mm wide by 1450 mm high.
- Tricuspid window, 1700 mm wide and 1450 mm high.
- A series of houses 137 - a double-wing window, 1150 mm wide and 1420 mm high.
- Tricuspid, window 1700 mm wide and 1420 mm high.
- A series of houses 505 - a double-leaf window, 1450 mm wide by 1410 mm high.
- Tricuspid window, 2030 mm wide and 1410 mm high.
- A series of houses 600 - a double-wing window, 1450 mm wide and 1410 mm high.
- Tricuspid window, 2050 mm wide and 1410 mm high.
- A series of houses 606 - a double-leaf window, 1450 mm wide by 1410 mm high.
- Tricuspid window, 1700 mm wide and 1410 mm high.
These parameters for a series of houses are preferably used for an approximate calculation of expenses.
The choice of windows in private homes
The difference between private home ownership and residential apartment buildings is that in private buildings it is possible to select individual window parameters when planning. You can choose any width or height of the window, but this choice is preferable to take into account the following rules:
- The window area should be 1 / 5-1 / 8 of the area of the interior, this indicator is affected by the geographical orientation of the window to the side of the world.
- The purpose of the lighted room.
- The total area of the windows in the room.
One of the tips for determining the size of windows in a private house is a practical judgment on the use of existing standard parameters. This will help to save, since they are cheaper, and most importantly - the window of the standard form according to GOST is calculated to the smallest detail, and also tested for suitability experimentally and time.
The dimensions of the openings in the attached premises to the house
In modern architecture, various extensions to houses are often used, such as:
- Veranda - an external extension to the main wall of the house.
- Balcony - a platform outside the window outside the window.
- Loggia is a separate area located inside the house. Has two or three common walls with the house.
- Attic - attic adapted for living with slanting ceiling and walls.
Of the listed additional rooms of the house, only the standard window sizes in the attics will look attractive and stylish, but at the same time they should be more durable, since they will bear additional loads due to their inclined position on the roof.
Non-standard sizes are used for other additional rooms. Individually selected windows in terms of parameters and shapes should fill the room with daylight, combining the entire space with nature.
Standard dimensions of plastic windows
In modern construction, there are dozens of serial houses with different building materials and layouts. In such conditions, it is impossible to create the overall overall dimensions of windows in houses of various series. For standardization, individual GOSTs have been introduced for the materials by which windows are made. So, for the most popular plastic windows, there are such regulatory documents:
- GOST 30674-99 - governs the technical conditions for the manufacture of window blocks from polyvinyl chloride profiles;
- GOST 24866-99 - governs adhesive double-glazed windows designed for glazing using window and door blocks;
- GOST 30971-2012 - standardizes the dimensions of the mounting seams of adjacent window blocks to the wall;
- GOST R 52749-2007 - regulates the mounting seams of nodes of adjacent window structures to the opening of vapor-permeable tape.
According to current GOSTs, there are geometric limitations in the size of plastic windows:
- A double-glazed window in a plastic window can be in geometrical limits: the minimum casement is 400 x 500 mm and the maximum is 3500 mm in width and 2000 mm in height.
- The maximum allowable area of one solid window is 6 square meters. m
- The minimum arched radius of the window is 400 mm.
- The maximum allowable ratio of width and height is 1: 1.5.
We give one example of calculating the size of a plastic window with a single-leaf package. If the width is one meter, then the height should not be higher than one and a half meters.
Non-standard parameters of plastic windows
Non-standard sizes of PVC windows include all other parameters not provided for by the listed GOSTs. They can be caused by existing architectural forms of openings, which with the help of their various shapes and colors create a special individual look of the facade of the house.
They can be of the following types:
- Oval or arched form - they are a block with an oval upper part, which has a minimum radius of 400 mm.
- Trapezoidal shapes - windows for an ideal solution for glazing the upper level of a house with a gable roof has a limitation in the form of an internal angle, which should be at least 30 degrees.
- Round shape - small deaf products have a minimum diameter limit of 800 mm, and opening - 1080 mm. In turn, round windows of large dimensions can reach a diameter of up to 4600 mm with an area of up to 16 square meters. m
- Triangular and polygonal shape - most often there are hexagonal and triangular windows, their favorite design place for their installation is under the roof in the attic.
- Versatile windows - consist of combinations of different shapes.
For the production of non-standard windows, you need to contact only trusted manufacturing companies that have proven themselves from the best side, especially in terms of the quality of their products. Otherwise, you risk throwing money away when buying low-quality windows, as it is extremely difficult for non-standard windows to find a replacement.
Standard and non-standard wooden windows
Standard wooden windows are rectangular in configuration. The overall dimensions of the windows in the house are applied to the existing standard series of buildings constructed earlier as a new layout.
All available types and parameters of wooden windows are regulated by the following GOSTs:
- GOST 23166-99 - standardizes wooden blocks for windows and balcony doors;
- GOST 11214-2003 - standardizes wooden blocks with the use of sheet glazings of various buildings;
- GOST 24700-99 - regulates double-glazed windows for wooden window and balcony blocks.
Non-standard sizes of wooden windows include windows with overall dimensions of more than 1800 mm in height and 1200 mm in width. At the same time, non-standard windows are limited in maximum parameters; they should not exceed 2800 mm in height and 2600 mm in width. The minimum dimensions of the products can be 500 x 500 mm.
Non-standard windows also include products made in a complex or unusual geometric shape. Unlike plastic windows, wooden products do not have any restrictions, with the exception of only one limiting size - this is an internal angle that should not exceed 25 degrees.
Practical tips for changing the window opening
During the repair work of old buildings, it is often necessary to re-install a window with a change in its dimensions or established forms according to an improved individual layout.
When solving the problem of how to resize a window, it is necessary to adhere to certain rules:
- Avoid enlarging the window above the upper point of placement of the old window - in this place is a plate that prevents the destruction of the wall due to the presence of a window opening.
- When installing a smaller window, there is a need to reinstall the windowsill and reduce the size of the window opening to the required size. It is necessary to take into account the heating battery located under the window, the parameters of which depend on the size of the window.
- Replacing a large window - if you decide to install, for example, a balcony door, you just need to remove the bottom of the wall to the desired size.
- Replacing a window with a wider one or installing a new one above an old window - for this work it is necessary to involve a specialist architect. This is due to the need to cut through the outer wall to install a window-sill base plate or lintel capable of holding a significant transverse load on the upper part of the wall and roof, minimally bending.
- Installing a new window - similar to the previous method should be carried out exclusively under the supervision of a specialist.
Conclusion
When choosing what sizes of windows to install in your house or apartment - standard or non-standard, you must adhere to your individual design ideas. There are no insoluble tasks for modern technologies for both budgetary and expensive ideas.