Currently, most developed countries have a market economy. The main condition for ensuring its effective functioning is freedom of competition. This problem is being solved at the state level.
Competition is a rivalry between entities, which excludes the possibility that one of them will unilaterally influence the terms of trade at the appropriate market level.
In order for organizations to receive the necessary opportunities for their functioning, their rights and obligations are enshrined in legal documents. The Law on the Protection of Competition focuses on the prevention of monopolistic activity. In addition, it contains paragraphs that prevent unfair competition and opposition to rivalry between organizations on the part of governing bodies and authorities.
The considered area of economic activity is strictly regulated by law. The most important and basic legal document is the Federal Law on the Protection of Competition. Fair competition between entities is also discussed in the law on joint-stock companies and entrepreneurship.
The Law on Protection of Competition includes 10 chapters, which are divided into 54 articles. Let's try to consider the main points of this legal document. The first chapter outlines the general provisions of the law. That is, it contains basic concepts (for example, “financial organization”, “product” and much more), definitions of the purpose and subject of the law. The first chapter also stipulates the coordination of actions of organizations and business entities.
The Law on the Protection of Competition includes a second chapter, which is aimed at regulating unfair competition and monopolistic activity. In particular, it contains articles that exclude the possibility of abuse of a dominant position. Also, the second chapter of the law regulates the permissibility of "vertical" transactions and agreements.
The third chapter contains a ban on restricting healthy competition from executive authorities, as well as local self-government. It also sets out antitrust requirements for requesting price quotations for products, as well as for bidding. The third chapter governs the specifics of concluding transactions and contracts with various financial organizations.
The fifth chapter indicates the legal restrictions of municipal and state preferences. The sixth chapter regulates the powers and functions of antitrust authorities. The seventh chapter indicates the mandatory state influence on economic concentration arising in the field of protection of rivalry between entities.
The Law on the Protection of Competition includes the eighth chapter, which is the most important in this legal document. It fixes the mandatory implementation of the requirements and decisions of the antitrust authorities. The chapter also indicates liability for violation of clauses of the legal document under review and the conditions for the forced separation of organizations.
The ninth chapter specifies the procedure for considering cases related to full or partial violation of antitrust laws. The tenth chapter of the legal document contains the final provisions of the law. It also regulates the entry into force of the document in question.
To summarize. Law 135 of the Federal Law on the Protection of Competition is primarily aimed at preventing monopolistic activities of organizations. Its chapters also regulate the conditions of competition between business entities. In a market economy, this legal document is very important and significant.