The formation of the personality of a Russian preschooler is a multifaceted and difficult process. Every day a child for himself at this age discovers new phenomena, gets acquainted with the world around him, learns to live in harmony with nature. The desire for knowledge leads to maximum activity, passing through all the events taking place around. The kid is ready for continuous development, so it is important that during this period there is an adult mentor next to him. Educator for babies - the main role model, a source of new knowledge, advocate and friend.
GEF in preschool education
In 2009, by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, new federal standards were introduced for the main programs of preschool education. Both content and diagnostic techniques for preschoolers are defined in this document.
Particular attention is paid to the formation of a common culture, the development of personal qualities, intellectual and physical growth. Diagnosis is carried out to assess the preservation and strengthening of health, correction of deficiencies in the mental development of future students. Monitoring conducted in kindergartens is aimed at analyzing the quality of preschool education, the search for new methods and forms of work of the Kindergarten.
Monitoring Models in Remote Control
A set of characteristics and properties is supposed, thanks to the use of which in preschool education the diversified development of the child is guaranteed to the level that corresponds to age characteristics. The integration of basic and applied research, special diagnostic techniques for preschool children according to GEF help to control the development of each baby. Psychologists are convinced that at this stage of development, achievements are determined not by the sum of knowledge, skills, and abilities that are invested in the child in the classroom, but by the totality of the formed personal and intellectual qualities.
Diagnostics “Cut out figures”
Diagnostic methods of preschool children’s game activity are aimed at conducting psychodiagnostics of visual and effective thinking of children aged 4-5 years. The bottom line is to cut out figures drawn on paper clearly and in a short time. Six identical squares depict different geometric shapes. During testing, the child does not receive a complete picture, but individual squares. The experimenter first cuts the sheet into six squares, then alternately gives the baby fragments, task, scissors. In order to evaluate the results of such diagnostics, the accuracy of the work performed, the time spent on the task, is taken into account.
10 points get the kid who completed the task in 3 minutes. Shapes should be cut clearly along the outline of the pattern. The minimum number of points (0-1) in case the baby did not have enough 7 minutes to cope with the task, in addition, there are serious differences between the original and the cut out figure.
Method “Remember and set points”
Special diagnostic techniques have been created in preschool educational institutions for preschoolers to determine the amount of attention. The dots are applied to the sheet, then the workpiece is cut into eight identical squares, they are folded so that the number of dots per sheet increases sequentially. The teacher (or psychologist) shows the child cards with drawn dots for 1-2 seconds. Then the child in empty cells reproduces the number of points seen in the figure. Between the cards shown, the teacher gives the child 15 seconds so that he can remember the picture he saw, complete the task. Diagnostic techniques for preschoolers of this kind imply a ten-point scale. If in the allotted period of time the baby successfully copes with 6 or more points, he gets 10 points. When recovering from memory 1-3 points, the child receives no more than 3 points, this indicates an insufficiently formed memory, inability to concentrate.
Diagnostics "Learning ten words"
Diagnostic techniques for the mental development of preschoolers are aimed at the study of certain processes of memory: conservation, memorization, reproduction. You can use a similar algorithm in order to assess the state of memory of preschoolers, to determine arbitrary attention. The teacher calls ten words, the baby listens, tries to reproduce them in any order. Such diagnostic techniques for preschoolers require 3-4 readings, followed by a repetition of words by a kindergarten pupil. The experiment is repeated after an hour, then after two, recording in the special journal the number of words that was uttered by the child. For example, you can use the words forest, cat, sleep, stump, day, morning, night, brother, sister, mushroom.
The calculation shows that in healthy children with high intellectual development, the number of correct words gradually increases, and children with memory and consciousness disorders forget the words over time. Such diagnostic techniques for preschoolers involve the construction of graphs, which determine the level of development of preschoolers.
Conclusion
With the help of monitoring conducted in kindergarten, educators and professional psychologists determine the degree of readiness of children for training in an educational institution. In the process of research, professionals collect information, analyze it, draw conclusions. First, the necessary information is collected, then it is evaluated, analyzed, conclusions are drawn. The purpose of such monitoring is to determine the degree of readiness of future graduates to move to a new level - a full-fledged school life. Depending on what the final results are after processing the data, their interpretation, a conclusion is made about the readiness (unavailability) of graduates of preschool institutions for the next stage of development. GEF of the new generation, designed specifically for state preschool institutions, contain clear recommendations and requirements for the level of training of graduates of kindergartens, as well as the features of their mental, physical, mental development.