In the construction market of roofing materials, flexible bituminous tiles are quite popular. This is due to its unique performance characteristics. Among the well-known manufacturers, the firms Tegola, Siplast and Shinglas are distinguished. The bituminous tile is applied practically in any climatic conditions.
Instruments
For roofing with bituminous tiles you will need:
- pencil;
- marking cord;
- roulette;
- scissors for metal;
- screwdriver;
- self-tapping screws;
- putty knife;
- hammer;
- nails
- sealant.
Bituminous tile: material prices
The costs that will have to be incurred on the roof of the roof depend on its area, the quality of the material and the cost of the builders' services, if necessary. In the general case, taking into account the lining layer, components and construction defects, the average cost varies in the range of 400-1000 rubles / m 2 .
Advantages and disadvantages
The material has a number of qualities that distinguish it favorably in the construction market of roofing materials, namely:
- resistance to corrosion;
- minimum amount of waste during installation;
- good sound and heat insulation qualities;
- water tightness;
- resistance to temperature extremes;
- light weight;
- strength;
And this is not a complete list of the advantages that bituminous tiles have. Prices for this type of roofing material are relatively low. In many respects, the constantly high demand for it is connected.
Minuses:
- instability to UV radiation;
- susceptibility to mold, mildew;
- low water and vapor permeability;
- relative fire safety (melts, but does not burn).
Frame
The tiles are laid on a pre-prepared base. It should be a solid, continuous coating of moisture-proof plywood or OSB-boards. Sheathed or edged boards are also suitable. On plywood, you can previously go through the grinding wheel.
Sheets or boards are laid parallel to the ridge and joined on the rafters. At the same time, it is ensured that on one board several joints of the battens of adjacent rows are not obtained.
Preparatory work
At the end of the preparation of the base, a special lining carpet is placed on it with the sand side up. It can be purchased at the place of purchase of the tiles. It simultaneously performs two functions: levels the surface and gives it waterproofing properties. In addition, when using a lining layer, bituminous tiles get better adhesion to the surface. It is nailed with a pitch of 20 cm.
Slopes with an angle of inclination of up to 30 degrees are completely covered with roofing paper in several layers. In the second case, only overlap with a margin of 150 and 80 mm vertically and horizontally, respectively. The design of the ridge is carried out using a special ridge-eaves tile. It is divided into three parts according to the perforation and alternately nailed on both sides at the junction of the ramps. Before the procedure, remove the protective film from the material.
Laying shingles: rules and features
When calculating the required amount of material, it is important to take into account certain nuances. For example, it is intended for roofing coatings, the angle of which is in the range of 15-85 degrees. The instructions indicate an angle of 45 degrees. Deviation from this indicator leads to an increase or decrease in the amount of shingles consumed. For example, the smaller the angle of the roof, the more material will be needed.
A high-quality result can only be achieved if the basic rules are observed:
- the material is stored in closed packaging indoors;
- the lining carpet is kept upright;
- manufacturers recommend installing bituminous tiles at a temperature of at least 5 degrees;
- Before laying the material in the cold season, it is preliminarily placed in a heated room (at least 24 hours).
Soft tiles are laid without using a burner. It is used for bituminous surfaced roofing. The protective film is removed from the inside of the material, after which it is laid on the prepared coating. When the temperature outside is high enough, the adhesive surface of the shingles adheres tightly to the base without help. In cold weather, a hot air gun is used for a similar effect. Additionally, you can strengthen the material using special glue.
Shingles in different packages can have a different shade. Therefore, for each slope, it is recommended to use a separate package. In the case when the ramp area is large enough, several packages are used. The elements of the material are mixed, so that the shades are distributed evenly throughout the coating.
It is important to remember that at high temperatures, the tile becomes soft and easily susceptible to mechanical stress (may deform). Therefore, in such conditions, roofing works are moved with the help of stairs or other devices.
Material fasteners
Each individual tile element must be fixed separately. To do this, use screw or brushed nails, as well as staples. The latter are used in the case when the bitumen tile is attached to the base without a lining layer.
Nails must be made of metal pretreated with anti-corrosion substances. 4 nails are driven into individual shingles at a distance of 2.5 cm from the sides and 14.5 mm from the bottom line of the tile.
Nails are hammered until their hats are at the same level as the shingles. If they protrude, then the material laid above may be damaged, and if they are pressed in, moisture will accumulate in the formed recess, and the fasteners will deteriorate over time.
The purpose of bituminous glue is to further strengthen the elements of the material in difficult places: adjoining tiles to the walls, on the ridge, in the valleys. It is also used at low ambient temperatures. The can glue is smeared with a metal spatula, and squeezed out of the cylinders with a special gun. If the outside temperature is low, then the bitumen glue is preheated (it hardens already at 10 degrees Celsius). The glued sheets are pressed against the base with force.
Shingles
The first stage is fixing the cornice and wind planks on the lining layer with nails or screws. Nails are driven in a checkerboard pattern along the entire length of the plank in 10 cm increments.
After this, the shingle is laid for the eaves on top of the mounted plank. The installation of bituminous tiles in this case depends on its variety. Some manufacturers recommend leaving a 1 cm margin between the bottom edge of the shingle and cornice. In other cases, an overhang of 1-1.5 cm of tile over the eaves is performed. Often manufacturers do not provide special curtain rails. In this case, you should trim the usual ones and lay out the first line of material from them on the cornice, gluing them back to back.
Installation of material is carried out from the cornice. The shingles are laid from the middle line of the ramp along the sides (left and right). The second row is laid so that the interval between the lower edges of the cornice row and the second line is 1-2 cm. This will create a visually straight line when viewed from the ground.
If the house, the roof of which will be covered with shingles, is in an area characterized by strong winds, then the interval between the shingles is reduced. This will make the coating more reliable.
How to achieve a beautiful roof?
Knowledge of the intricacies of the material and practical experience are what bituminous tiles require. With your own hands you can organize an attractive design of the roof, but for this it is important to understand its design features. For example, when going around the protruding roof elements, the interval between adjacent shingles should be a multiple of 1 m. This is done so that subsequent rows can be mounted correctly.
Before starting to lay the material, a slope is drawn using the usual chalk on the underlay layer (litter), its middle line is indicated. In addition, marks are made for every 4 rows of tiles. In the event that there is a chimney or other structural element on the ramp, vertical lines are marked from them. Subject to the technology, a roof from a bituminous tile will receive an aesthetic and attractive look.
Ventilation
For a free exit of air from under the roof, holes are made in it, the diameter of which corresponds to the installed aerators. They are fixed with nails or glue. After that, tiles are placed over their aprons, the ends of which are cut out.
Skates and valleys
On a skate, shingles are trimmed along its line. After the ventilation gap was made in the ridge, the upper edge of the roof is closed with a regular or eaves shingle. It is important to remember that bending the shingle without heating it can lead to the formation of cracks on it. The joints of the ridge cover with the roof are covered with bitumen mastic, that is, they are waterproofed.
It is also important to remember the need to waterproof the valleys: each shingle that falls on the gutter is cut off and fixed on the other side of the gutter with nails or glue.