The stanzas are a genre of medieval poetry that has remained popular in the poetry of later eras. Various writers created stanzas, and Russian poets often turned to this poetic form.
How did the stanzas
Italy is considered the homeland of the stanzas. The very word "stanza" is translated from Italian as "room", or "stop". Stanza in Italian Renaissance architecture is a room in which papers were signed or important meetings were held, for example, Stanza della Senyatura. The creation and decoration of this room was attended by the famous Rafael Santi.
In literature, stanzas are stanzas, each of which has its own special meaning, that is, each new stanza does not continue the previous one, but is a complete whole. One stanza expresses any one idea, but in the whole poem, the stanzas are organically connected with each other and together create an artistic whole.
Stans in medieval literature
So, Italy was the birthplace of the Stans, and there they were most often used to glorify the representatives of the nobility. The stanzas were first written by Angelo Poliziano, an Italian poet who lived in the 15th century, and they were dedicated to Giuliano Medici. In Italian literature, stanza is a poem consisting of eight stanzas that have a rhyme.
Byron Stans
George Gordon Byron is a great British poet who was a contemporary of Pushkin. Byron's poetry was dedicated to the pride of the human spirit, the beauty of love. Byron took part in the revolt of the Carbonarians and Greeks, and wrote his "Stans" in 1820.
There are Byron stanzas dedicated to Greece and the beautiful corners of Greek nature. The main theme of his stanzas is his love for the beautiful Greek woman and the struggle of Greece for freedom and independence. Byron's poetry had a great influence on Pushkin's work.
Stances in Russian poetry
Stanza is a genre that began to develop actively in Russian poetry in the eighteenth century. In Russian literature, this is a small poem that consists of quatrains, and most often its size is a four-foot iambic. The stanzas in Russian literature are most often devoted to the love of the lyrical hero for a young girl, but sometimes they were associated with socio-cultural breakthroughs in the life of the country, such as, for example, the stanzas of Pushkin.
Stans of Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin wrote his famous "Stans" in the fall of 1827. In this work, which has been discussed many times, the image of Peter the Great, the famous Russian emperor, arises.
The appearance of this poem is associated with the beginning of the reign of Nicholas the First. Pushkin, whose Stans became an eulogy of imperial power, hoped that this monarch would change the life of the common people for the better. For his part, Nikolai I hoped that Pushkin would help him calm the mood of youth. He invited Pushkin to help change the system of upbringing and education.
The Stans compare two monarchs: Peter the Great and his great-grandson Nikolai the First. The ideal for Pushkin is Peter the Great. This king was a real worker who did not shy away from any occupations. He was a navigator, an academician, and a carpenter. The days in which Peter the Great ruled, according to Pushkin, made Russia a great power. Although this tsar also overshadowed the beginning of his existence with executions of the unwanted, but later with his help Russia was able to become great. Peter the Great constantly studied and forced others to study; he worked hard for the glory of his country.
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin, whose "Stans" became a famous work in Russian literature, urges Emperor Nicholas the First to repeat the feat of Peter the Great and raise Russia to a new level of development.
In addition to the Stans, at about the same time, the poet wrote poems to Friends and the Prophet. It was assumed that all three of these poems form a single cycle and will be published in 1828 in the journal Moscow Bulletin. But Pushkin’s hopes did not materialize: the emperor banned the publication of his poems, which was reported to Pushkin by the head of the Russian police Benckendorf.
Stansy Lermontov
Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov is one of the most outstanding creators in Russian poetry. What are stanzas, Lermontov learned after reading English poetry, in particular, with Byron's work.
Lermontov’s stanzas appear as small poems in which genre features are not defined. In the years 1830-1831 Lermontov wrote six poems, which in shape can be defined as stanzas. Their main theme is romantic love, in poems a young man addresses his lover. Lermontov, whose stanzas arose under the influence of John Byron's “Stans to Augustus,” influenced the literary tradition of writing similar works after him.
Lermontov’s poems are filled with sadness of the protagonist, who sees the bustle and misery of his earthly life, dreams of a different life. The poet writes about his loneliness in this world, compares himself with a cliff that can withstand the onslaught of wind and storm, but cannot protect flowers growing on a rock from them. Mikhail Lermontov, whose stanzas fully express the poet's worldview, has become a model for many other creators of Russian literature.
Stans Annensky
Innokenty Fedorovich Annensky is considered the "swan of Russian literature." Having discovered his poetic talent at the age of 48, Innokenty Annensky became an outstanding literary creator. His poem, "The Stans of the Night," became a notable phenomenon in the literature of the time. Its content is the expectation of a meeting with a lover, who should come in the darkness of night. Many researchers believe that his poetry has common features with the poetry of the Impressionists, in particular, with paintings by Claude Monet.
Stansy Yesenina
Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin became the representative of the new Russian literature, which took the side of the Soviet government. He fully supported the October Revolution, and all his works are aimed at supporting the then Soviet system, supporting the actions of the Communist Party. But at the same time, they have their own characteristics.
While in Baku, in Azerbaijan, the poet began to write "Stans". Yesenin himself mentions this in a poem: he preferred to leave Moscow because of misunderstandings with the police. But, recognizing his shortcomings ("sometimes I get drunk sometimes"), Yesenin also writes that his mission is not to sing girls, stars and the moon, but the name of Lenin and Marx. He denies the influence of heavenly forces on human society. People themselves must build everything on earth, the poet believes, and for this all industrial power must be applied.
Yesenin did not accidentally give his work the name "Stans"; this poem clearly resonates with Pushkin's "Stans". Yesenin was a fan of Pushkin’s work, laying flowers at his monument. But Yesenin believed that stanzas are not a form of love lyrics, but a way of expressing one's civic position.
Esenin's "stanzas" did not provoke the approval of party leaders who wanted to see in Esenin a completely party poet dedicated to the ideals of the revolution. But this poem marks the turn of the poet from Moscow Kabatskaya to the new Soviet reality. So many critics thought. This work was enthusiastically taken by the workers of the Krasnaya Nov magazine, who felt that Yesenin was finally becoming truly his own, Soviet poet. The correct direction of the poet’s work was considered a consequence of the beneficial effects of the climate of the city of Baku, where he then lived, and friendship with Peter Ivanovich Chagin.
Stans Brodsky
Joseph Aleksandrovich Brodsky was an outstanding Russian poet who was equally fluent in Russian and English. He became a Nobel laureate at a relatively young age - at 47 years old.
A native of St. Petersburg, he lived first in Russia, then in the United States of America. In all his poems Petersburg flashes, especially often this city is mentioned in the famous work “Stans to the city”.
Numerous studies of the book "New Stanzas for Augustus" show that in this work such lexical units as the names Marie and Telemachus, as well as the words "Madame", "dear", "friend" are often used. The main addressee of the New Stans to Augustus is a lover who is waiting for her friend. All the gentle calls of the poet are addressed to her. From Brodsky's poems, one can judge what stanzas are in literature. Brodsky's central character is a lyrical hero; the motive of exile is also important for his poetry.
The collection "New Stanzas for Augustus" was dedicated to Maria Basmanova. It figures not only images of lyrical heroes, but also objects. They have a symbolic meaning. The lyrical hero gives his girlfriend a turquoise ring. Turquoise is a stone made of human bones. The hero asks his beloved to wear this stone on his ring finger.
In the poem “A Slice of a Honeymoon”, the author explores marine vocabulary. His lover's name is Marina, so he pays special attention to the marine theme.
The poem “Night Flight” is dedicated to traveling in the belly of an airplane, and the poet admits that he always wanted to go to Central Asia. Traveling on an airplane for him has a double meaning - this is a flight to another life, and a journey to resurrection. The poet strives for another reality, where there will be no misery and torment.